應用雙通道微模型探討空氣殘餘型態對新舊水互動的影響

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黃鈞琮(Jyun-Cong Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

應用雙通道微模型探討空氣殘餘型態對新舊水互動的影響

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摘要(中)

非飽和層中原有殘餘水( “舊水” )的多寡與分佈影響著降雨入滲、灌溉、滲漏等入侵此區域之水( “新水” )的分布型態，且地表下新舊水的互動也影響著地下水水質。
本研究藉由雙管微模型實驗探討孔隙幾何結構、排退與汲取流量，以及舊水殘餘相蒸發對氣泡形成與遷徙機制的影響。並進一步觀測氣泡的型態對於新水注入過程中，新舊水互動的影響。
實驗結果顯示，舊水在新水注入前若有蒸發過程，則會改變舊水殘餘相的位置。而舊水殘餘相位置離出入口越遠，新水注入後越容易產生氣泡。氣泡形成與否不只與殘餘相位置有關；注入流量的不同也會影響氣泡的生成。流量越慢，新水進入管內後越有機會直接與舊水接觸。而氣泡生成後將阻礙新舊水的接觸，新水僅能透過角落流與舊水進行溶質擴散及混合。若注入新水之流量過高時，舊水及氣泡在新水透過角落流接觸舊水之前，就會被推出管外，而不會有新舊水的接觸。在細管內舊水不會因新水的注入而移動，直到流量高於50μL/min，舊水才被推動。
本研究顯示舊水蒸發對於氣泡殘餘有顯著的影響。而氣泡的存在降低了新舊水混合的機率。角落流則可作為新水接觸且混合舊水的橋樑。

摘要(英)

The unsaturated zone is an important part of the path for surface water entering groundwater. The amount and location of the residual water (old water) in the vadose zone affects the infiltration of invading water ( new water, e.g., that from rainfall, stream flow, and irrigation water etc.).
In this study, I showed the interaction between "old water" and "new water" under different pumping rates, geometry factor and evaporation level of old water, by using pore doublet micromodel experiment. Air entrapment is a key directly separating the new and old water, and promoting "old water" remaining.
I focus on the air entrapment and what influence on "new and old water interplay". The experimental results show that the evaporation process changes the position of the old water and enhances the air-bubble trapping. The air bubble entrapment reduces the new-old water interplay. And in that case, the new water can only contacted with the old water by corner flow. Under high injection flow rate, the old water and air bubbles were pushed out of the tube before the new water contacted the old water by corner flow. The old water would not be pushed until the capacity up than 50μL/min. This study shows that the evaporation process has a significant effect on the air-bubble trapping. The air bubble reduces the chance of the new-old water mixing. In addition, the corner flow is the path for new water intruding and mixing with the old water.

關鍵字(中)

★ 微模型
★ 新舊水
★ 角落流

關鍵字(英)

★ micro model
★ new old water
★ corner flow

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
一、緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 1
1-3 研究目的 4
1-4 研究流程 4
二、相關理論 5
2-1 管流方程式 (POISEUILLE’S LOW) 5
2-2 接觸角遲滯現象 7
2-3 角落流 9
三、實驗方法 11
3-1 模型製程 11
3-1-1 流道設計 11
3-1-2 母模製作 12
3-1-3 PDMS翻印 13
3-1-4 PDMS改質及封裝 15
3-2 注入實驗 17
3-2-1 實驗及觀測設備 17
3-2-2 注入實驗流程 19
3-2-3 注入實驗的控制因素 20
3-3 實驗分析 26
3-4 照片顏色 27
四、結果與討論 29
4-1 模型製作 29
4-2 角落流額外活動空間 30
4-3 實驗中影響新舊水互動的因子 33
4-3-1 取代行為的主要控制因子 33
4-3-2 溶質擴散及混合的主要控制因子 37
4-3-3 擁有三種互動機制的實驗組別: M1_Q5_A 40
4-3-4 無新舊水互動機制的實驗組別: M3_Q5_A 42
4-4 空氣殘餘與其遷徙的控制因子 43
4-4-1 舊水排退後的殘餘相型態對空氣殘餘的影響 43
4-4-2 蒸發後殘餘相位置對空氣殘餘的影響 45
4-4-3 空氣殘餘的遷徙 49
4-5 不同模型所需注入時間 51
五、結論與建議 52
5-1 結論 52
5-2 建議 54
參考文獻 55

參考文獻

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指導教授

李明旭許少瑜(Ming-Hsu Li Shao Yiu-Hsu)

審核日期

2019-8-22

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