克里斯汀生創新理論探討 以 Uber 為例

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林嘉浚(Jia-Jiun Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

克里斯汀生創新理論探討以 Uber 為例

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2024-7-20以後開放)

摘要(中)

在現今資訊技術跳躍式成長的年代，隨著資訊爆炸，大量的商業模式出現，這使得原先的既有企業，不斷面對原先商業模是被取代，或是被迫轉型的危機，而面對這一情況，其中最受益將會是消費者，這些新型態的商業模式，帶給消費者更方便更便宜的方式，來讓顧客不再使用原先昂貴或是不方便的服務或是產品，相反的，這些新型的商業模式提供消費者更加具體且明確的價值主張並持續的改變顧客的生活。
其中的情況要怎麼清楚的解析，為何既有廠商會面臨這一破壞性的情境，由Christensen（1995）提出的破壞性創新理論即可解析企業環境所面臨狀況，Christensen認為企業可以藉由辨認廠商消費者，以及新進廠商與既有之間的競爭狀態，最後探討兩者的價值網路，便可知道整個破壞性創新的過程，透過這一過程的了解與解析，可以將企業所面臨的狀態剖面，使企業認知到自己再跟什麼樣的對手競爭。
本研究將這10年內出現最大的共享租乘公司，衝擊計程車行業並改變全球運輸市場的Uber公司作為研究個案，探討Uber推出的共享租乘的商業模式怎麼改變顧客的習慣，並帶來什樣衝擊使得原先的計程運輸服務業的商業模式無法做出回應。在研究的過程中，我們將聚焦兩個需要檢測的項目，其一該商業模式讓原先既有企業無法回應的點在於何處；其二和傳統的商業模式相比差異點在於何處。

摘要(英)

In the modern age where information explodes every minute, every one has an easy access to all sorts of information . And now lot of firm in a dilemma. they can’t decide what to do face these crisis that hiding in shadow . It’s mean in this situation . Many firms are replaced by new-firms with different business mode. On the other hand consumer can get the most benefit , because those consumer will enjoy the benefits of innovation .
However how to understand what is going on this crisis that those old firm facing .we can use theory offered by Christensen(1995).This theory known as disruptive innovation . And we can get to know the different news consumer through this theory. And we are trying to figure out different value net to understand how those company with disruptive innovation can fight against old firm .
In our study , we use Uber as this study case , because Uber has been changing transportation market in the whole world . So there are definitely certain things or points that are worth a discussion among us.In this thesis will focus on two topics in Uber. The first topic is about Uber’s business model that was almost impossible for taxis to respond,to the other topic is what different Uber’s bussness model better than taxis.

關鍵字(中)

★ 破壞式創新
★ 克里斯汀生

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
一，緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究目標 4
二，文獻回顧 5
2-1創新理論背景： 5
2-2 創新理論的組成要素 8
2-2-1辨識消費客群 8
2-2-2低階和新市場特性 9
2-2-3三維的技術創新市場 10
2-2-4競爭者的利劍與護盾（looking for the sword and the shield） 11
2-2-5破壞式創新的過程 14
2-2-6破壞式創新者建立商業模式與既有者不同 15
2-4-1價值鏈 15
2-4-3價值網路的影響探討 19
2-4-4價值網路 20
三，研究方法與架構 22
3-1研究方法 22
3-2研究架構 24
四，運輸業變革及Uber的概況 26
4-1運輸業的變革 26
4-1-1共享的影響 26
4-1-2運輸使用狀況的影響 27
4-1-3超級的分享者 27
4-2Uber的概況 28
4-2-1創立動機 28
4-2-2商業模式 29
4-2-3浮動費率 31
4-3 Uber的時間軸探討 32
4-3-1 Uber初期的策略 32
4-3-2Uber的競爭者 34
4-3-3Uber的租車業務 36
4-3-4 Uber的降價擴張策略 37
4-3-5更加安全的行車策略 37
五，Uber的破壞式創新 39
5-1破壞式創新的目的 39
5-2破壞式創新模型 40
5-2-1辨識Uber的消費客群 40
5-2-2 Uber與主流市場相比的不對稱動機與技能 42
5-2-3Uber價值網路 44
5-3檢驗一：辨識Uber對於消費者客群，吸引消費客群之處，以及對比傳統的運輸業，其差異點作分析 46
5-4檢驗二：探討Uber在價值網絡是原先的傳統運輸業無法作出回應的地方 48
六、研究結論與建議 53
6-1 結論 53
6-2 研究限制與建議 54
七、參考文獻 55
英文資料 55
期刊論文 55
書籍 56
中文資料 57
書籍 57
網路資料 57

參考文獻

1. Christensen，Raynor，＆McDonald(2015).What Is Disruptive Innovation? . Harvard Business Review.
2. Charitou, C. D., & Markides, C. C. (2003). Responses to Disruptive Strategic Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review.
3. Christensen, C.M., Rosenbloom, R.S. (1995). Explaining the attacker′s advantage: technological paradigms,organizational dynamics, and the value network. Research Policy, 24(2), 233-257.
4. Camerer, C., Babcock, L., Loewenstein, G., Thaler, R.(1997). Labor Supply of New York City Cabdrivers: One Day at a Time Quarterly Journal of Economics112(2),406-441
5. Castillo, J.C., Knoepfle, D., Weyl, G.(2017).Surge pricing solves the wild goose chase. EC 2017 - Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation.241-242
6. Chen, M. K., M. Sheldon. (2015). Dynamic Pricing in a Labor Market: Surge Pricing and Flexible Work on the Uber Platform ACM Conference on Economics and Computation455-455
7. Cannon, Sarah and Lawrence H Summers,(2014) How Uber and the Sharing Economy Can Win Over Regulators, Harvard Business Review
8. Danneels, Erwin (2002). The Dynamics of Product Innovation　and Firm Competences. Strategic Management Journal 23(12):1095–1121
9. Danneels, Erwin (2004). Disruptive Technology Reconsidered: A Critique and Research Agenda. Journal of Product InnovationManagement 21(4):246–258.
10. Govindarajan, Vijay and Kopalle, Praveen K. (2006). The Usefulness of Measuring Disruptiveness of Innovations Ex Post in Making Ex Ante Predictions, Journal of Product Innovation Management 23(1):12 – 18
11. J Cramer, AB Krueger.(2016).Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber，The National Bureau of Economic Research
12. Koopman, C.; Mitchell, M.; Thierer, A. (2015). The sharing economy and consumer protection regulation: The case for policy change. Journal of Business,Entrepreneurship and the Law, 8(2), 529-546
13. Markides, C. (2006). Disruptive Innovation: In Need of Better Theory. The Journal of Product Innovation Management. 23(1), 19-25
14. R. C. Hampshire, C. Simek, T. Fabusuyi, X. Di, and X. Chen,(2017)Measuring the impact of an unanticipated suspension of ride-sourcing in austin, texas, Transportation Research Board
15. RR Clewlow.‎(2017).Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States，Institute of Transportation Studies
16. Schmidt, G. M., & Druehl, C. T. (2008). When Is a Disruptive Innovation Disruptive? TheJournal Of Product Innovation Management, 347-369.
17. Stabell, C.B., Fjeldstad, Ø.D.(1998).Configuring value for competitive advantage: On chains, shops, and networks Strategic Management Journal.19(5),413-437
18. Slater SF, Narver JC (1998) Customer-led and market-oriented: let’s not confuse the two. Strateg Manage J 19(10):1001–1007
19. Vázquez Sampere, Juan Pablo; Bienenstock, Martin J; Zuckerman, Ezra W.(2016), Debating Disruptive Innovation, MIT Sloan Management Review
書籍
1. Clayton M. Christensen,Scott D. Anthony,Erik A. Roth ,Roger Kaufman ,CPT,PhD.(2004).Seeing what′s next: Using the theories of innovation to predict industry change.Harvard Business School Press
2. C Murphy.(2016).Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit .American Public Transportation Association
3. Henrique Schneider.(2017).Creative Destruction and the Sharing Economy Uber as Disruptive Innovation　 Edward Elgar Publishing
4. Thompson, James D.(2003).Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory.Transaction Pub

指導教授

王弓鄭有為

審核日期

2019-7-25

推文