摘要(英) |
The concept of financial inclusion is that people, especially the poverty group living in the developing countries, can get benefit from financial services, including accounts, credit card, payment system, financial product, and so on. The benefit, for example, is that people can enhance human capital by loan to educate themselves, or, that people can open the new business to get profit by loan.
This study use cross countries data from financial inclusion dataset of World Bank. There are 144 countries within the data and 3 years, 2011, 2014, 2017, respectively. In order to measure what degree of financial inclusion of countries are, this study utilize principal component analysis to make a financial inclusion index and try to figure out what is financial inclusion’s relation on poverty, distance to frontier, income inequity, female empower and entrepreneurship.
The empirical results show that when the degree of financial inclusion increase, there are no clear effect between income inequity and financial inclusion in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries. As poverty, there are no clear effect in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries. As distance to frontier and entrepreneurship, there are positive significantly in the high and middle-high countries, but there are no clear effect in the middle-low and low income countries. As female empower, there are positive significantly in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries.
|
參考文獻 |
Camara, Noelia, and David Tuesta. (2014). Measuring Financial Inclusion: A Multidimensional Index. BBVA Research Working Paper 14/26.
Chakraborty Suparna. (2014). Laws, attitudes and financial inclusion of women: A cross-country investigation. Economics Bulletin, 34(1): 333-353.
Chibba Michael. (2009). Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. The European Journal of Development Research, 21(2), pp.213-230.
Cull Robert, Ehrbeck Tilman, and Holle Nina. (2014). Financial Inclusion and Development:
Recent Impact Evidence. Focus Note 92. Washington, D.C.: CGAP.
Demirguc-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, and Dorothe Singer. (2017) Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. The World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper.
Dev, S. Mahendra. (2006). Financial Inclusion: Issues and Challenges. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.4310-4313.
Fan, Zhaobin, and Ruohan Zhang. "Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China." Sustainability 9.2 (2017): 203.
Kim, J. (2015). A Study on the Effect of Financial Inclusion on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(2), pp.498-512.
Kodongo Odongo. (2018). Financial Regulations, Financial Literacy, and Financial Inclusion: Insights from Kenya. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54(12), pp.2851-2873.
Neaime Simon and Gaysset Isabelle. (2018). Financial Inclusion and Stability in MENA: Evidence from Poverty and Inequality, Finance Research Letters, 24: 230-237.
Park Cyn-Young and Mercado Rogelio. (2018). "Financial Inclusion: New Measurement and Cross-Country Impact Assessment." Asian Development Bank. ADB Economics Working Paper Series.
Park Cyn-Young and Mercado Rogelio. (2015). Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Developing Asia. Asian Development Bank. ADB Economics Working Paper Series.
Park Cyn-Young and Mercado Rogelio. (2018) "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality." The Singapore Economic Review 63(1) 185-206.
Phil, D. (2016). Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation: How to Achieve the Desired Results. Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351, 2(12), p.4.
Rhyne Elisabeth and Kelly Sonja E. (2018). Financial Inclusion Hype vs. Reality. Center for
Financial Inclusion. Report.
Sarma, Mandira. (2008). Index of financial inclusion. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations Working paper. No. 215.
Turegano David Martinez and Herrero Alicia Garcia. (2018). Financial Inclusion, rather than Size, is the Key to Tackling Income Inequality. The Singapore Economic Review, 63(01), pp.167-184.
Wang, X. and Guan, J. (2016). Financial Inclusion: Measurement, Spatial Effects and Influencing Factors. Applied Economics, 49(18), pp.1751-1762.
Zhang Quanda (2018). Essays on Financial Inclusion, Poverty and Inequality. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Zhu, B., He, J. and Zhai, S. (2018). Does Financial Inclusion Create a Spatial Spillover Effect Between Regions? Evidence from China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(5), pp.980-997.
|