結合譜減法與差分麥克風陣列之波束成形系統設計與實現

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陳育峻(Yu-Chun Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

結合譜減法與差分麥克風陣列之波束成形系統設計與實現
(Design and Implementation of Differential Microphone Arrays Beamforming System Combining Spectral Subtraction)

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摘要(中)

本論文研究一個麥克風陣列之波束成形系統，差分麥克風陣列擁有體積小、高指向性及與頻率無關的波束圖形等優點，在語音增強的應用中很有潛力，但是差分麥克風陣列有放大白雜訊的問題，抵銷語音增強上的優勢，造成輸出結果不如預期，尤其在高階的差分麥克風陣列越容易發生。
本論文提出譜減法之差分麥克風陣列，在訊號端方面使用譜減法，消除電子原件互相干擾產生的白雜訊，增加輸入訊號的訊雜比；差分麥克風陣列演算法方面，由於傳統時域差分麥克風陣列有設計靈活度低且白雜訊增益低等缺點，因此時頻域差分麥克風陣列架構較多數人使用，此架構的特色將時域訊號透過短時距傅立葉轉到時頻域，透過設計好的濾波器係數，達成保留特定方放的聲音、消除周遭環境音的效果，並且提升白雜訊增益。在時頻域差分麥克風的基礎上，設計一個強健性時頻域差分麥克風陣列，更有效地增加白雜訊增益。

摘要(英)

This thesis studies a differential microphone array beamforming system. The differential microphone array has the advantages of small size, high directivity, and frequency-independent beampattern. It has great potential in speech enhancement applications. However, the differential microphone array suffers from a white noise amplification problem, which caused the output not as expected, especially in higher order differential microphone arrays.
In this thesis, a differential microphone array with spectral subtraction is proposed. The spectral subtraction method is used in the signal end to eliminate the white noise generated by the mutual interference of electronic components and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the input signal. The time domain differential microphone array algorithm has low design flexibility and low white noise gain problem. Therefore, the time-frequency domain differential microphone array architecture is often used by many people. The feature of this architecture transforms the time domain signal to the time-frequency domain through the short-time Fourier transform and uses the designed filter coefficient to preserve the sound of a specific direction, eliminate the surrounding ambient sound, and increase the white noise gain. Based on the time-frequency domain differential microphone, a robust time-frequency domain differential microphone array is designed to increase the white noise gain more effectively.

關鍵字(中)

★ 麥克風陣列
★ 差分麥克風陣列
★ 波束成形
★ 白雜訊增益
★ 譜減法

關鍵字(英)

★ Microphone arrays
★ Differential Microphone Arrays
★ Beamforming
★ White Noise Gain
★ Spectral Subtraction

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目標 1
1.2文獻探討 3
1.3論文架構 4
第二章麥克風陣列之波束成形演算法 5
2.1麥克風陣列介紹 5
2.2波束成形介紹 6
2.2.1自適應波束成形 7
2.2.2固定波束成形 8
2.3 差分麥克風陣列介紹 10
2.4差分麥克風陣列原理 12
2.4.1時域差分麥克風陣列 12
2.4.2時頻域差分麥克風陣列 16
2.4.3短時距傅立葉轉換(STFT) 18
2.5波束圖形(Beampattern) 20
2.6評估指標 22
2.6.1白雜訊增益(White Noise Gain) 22
2.6.2指向性因子(Directivity Factors, DF) 24
2.6.3前後比(Front-to-Back Ratios, FBR) 24
2.7譜減法 25
2.7.1傳統譜減法 25
2.7.2改良式譜減法 26
第三章譜減法之差分麥克風陣列演算法設計 27
3.1波束圖形設計 30
3.2時頻域濾波器係數設計 32
3.2.1二階差分麥克風陣列濾波器係數設計: 33
3.2.2強健性二階差分麥克風陣列濾波器係數設計: 34
3.3譜減法 36
第四章實驗設計與結果討論 37
4.1實驗設計 37
4.1.1硬體架構 37
4.1.2實驗配置 42
4.2實驗結果與討論 44
第五章結論與未來展望 60
參考文獻 61

參考文獻

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指導教授

徐國鎧

審核日期

2019-8-21

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