遞迴式最佳像素預估法應用於視訊壓縮之錯誤追蹤

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姓名

洪銘澤(Min-Jer Hung) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

遞迴式最佳像素預估法應用於視訊壓縮之錯誤追蹤
(Recursive Optimal per-Pixel Estimate Applied to Error Tracking in Video Compression)

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摘要(中)

最新發展出的視訊標準，如H.264，不論在時間域或空間域都使用複雜的預測方式，以使其壓縮效率增加，但一旦發生錯誤仍可能會造成嚴重的錯誤漫延效應。因此本論文便在於探討將遞迴式最佳像素預估法(ROPE)進一步結合應用於同步式逆向錯誤追蹤(SBET)之中，以達到防制錯誤漫延與增加強健性的目標。
若編碼端的狀態能和解碼端的狀態同步，則錯誤蔓延的效應就能完全被制止，因此我們假設有回授通道存且在編碼端可由某些方式知道解碼端所使用的錯誤隱藏機制，讓編碼端得知解碼端的狀態，即可藉由同步式逆向錯誤追蹤將解碼端狀態重建於編碼端，來達到錯誤漫延的防制。然而，在往復延遲時間內的情況則是無法預知的，因此為防範可能的錯誤蔓延，我們提出將遞迴式最佳像素預估法與其進一步結合應用，讓編碼端用遞迴的方式計算出解碼端像素失真量的期望值，此失真量會包含量化失真、錯誤蔓延的錯誤和錯誤隱藏所帶來的錯誤。這些計算都會整合到碼率失真模型裡，以便視訊編碼器在有通道錯誤的環境下選出最佳的編碼模式。從實驗結果來看，結合遞迴式最佳像素預估法與同步式逆向錯誤追蹤較原始遞迴式最佳像素預估法有顯著之改進，可以讓視訊編碼器有更好的抗錯性。

摘要(英)

The most recent H.264 video coding utilizes complex predictions in both the temporal and spatial domains to achieve higher compression efficiency. Unquestionably, such predictions may cause serious error propagation effects when suffering from transmission errors. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to combine the Recursive Optimal per-Pixel Estimate (ROPE) with the Synchronous Backward Error Tracking (SBET) algorithm for terminating the error propagation and enhancing error robustness.
If the state of the encoder can synchronize to that of the decoder, the error propagation effects can be entirely terminated. Therefore, we assume that a feedback channel is available and the encoder can be aware of the decoder’s error concealment by external means. The SBET is utilized to reconstruct the state of decoder in the encoder for the prevention of error propagation. However, it is impossible to foresee the decoder state within the round-trip delay time. Consequently, to prevent such possible error effects, we further enhance SBET by ROPE. The encoder will recursively keep estimating the expected decoder pixel distortion. The distortion of frame reconstruction at the decoding side includes the quantization error, propagation error, and concealment error. These estimates are integrated into the rate-distortion model for optimal mode decision of the encoder in the error-prone environment. From simulation results, we can find that the joint SBET and ROPE algorithm shows much better error resilience improvement than ROPE.

關鍵字(中)

★ 錯誤隱藏
★ 回授通道
★ 遞迴式最佳像素預估
★ 錯誤追蹤

關鍵字(英)

★ error concealment
★ error tracking
★ feedback channel
★ Recursive Optimal per-Pixel Estimate

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章錯誤追蹤演算法發展簡介 5
2.1 正向錯誤追蹤演算法(FET) 6
2.2 逆向錯誤追蹤演算法(PBET) 9
2.3 同步式逆向錯誤追蹤演算法(SBET) 12
2.4 代理伺服器錯誤追蹤演算法(PRXET) 20
2.5 各種錯誤追蹤演算法之比較 24
第三章遞迴式最佳像素預估法發展簡介 29
3.1 遞迴式最佳像素預估法(ROPE) 29
3.2 H.264編碼使用模式決策 37
3.3 進階遞迴式最佳像素預估法(Advanced ROPE) 50
第四章遞迴式最佳像素預估法應用於同步式逆向錯誤追蹤演算法理論簡介 54
4.1 逆向錯誤追蹤演算法內容探討 54
4.2 遞迴式最佳像素預估法應用探討 58
4.3 遞迴式最佳像素預估法應用上的特點 61
4.4 無回饋通道下的應用 65
第五章實驗結果與討論 78
5.1環境參數設定與所使用的樣本 78
5.2實驗結果比較與分析 79
第六章結論與未來展望 99
參考文獻 100

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2006-7-24

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