高速移動環境下多天線正交分頻多工之通道估測與等化

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姓名

徐華璘(Hua-Lin Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

高速移動環境下多天線正交分頻多工之通道估測與等化
(Channel Estimation and Equalization for multiple antennas OFDM System in High-mobility Environment)

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摘要(中)

DVB-T是採用正交分頻多工（OFDM）的技術來傳送，OFDM系統具有抵抗多重路徑干擾及頻譜使用效率高等優異特性，其中抵抗多重路徑干擾是藉由前置循環字首（Cyclic prefix）及多載波之特性以達到免除碼字間干擾（ISI），而頻譜使用效率高則是運用多載波正交特性達到的。在高速移動環境下，DVB-T訊號經過時變的通道，接收到的訊號會有都普勒擴展(Doppler Spread)的現象，破壞了子載波間的正交性，而引起載波間干擾(ICI)，使得最高容許的接收速度下降。為了克服高速移動所引起的載波間干擾(ICI)，本論文將前人方法加以改良，介紹了一套適合高速移動接收的通道估測與等化的方法。
　　在此論文中，我們參考DVB-T系統，且進一步的修改使其更合適於高速移動下的環境。我們運用多天線分集多工與ICI估測與消除，並比較了三種不同的通道與ICI估測方法(FD-LS、PN-code、Group Pilot)。
　　在DVB-T在8K模式、16QAM、編碼率為1/2的條件下，利用此改良的方法可以使單天線DVB-T系統達到250km/h，多天線系可達到300km/h。最後，若引入Group pilot估測技術則單天線系統更可達到300km/h。

摘要(英)

DVB-T is an OFDM system, which exhibits outstanding characteristics in terms of simplicity in combating multi-path transmission and efficiency in spectral utilization. The ISI effect results from the multi-path interference could be successfully eliminated by the insertion of cyclic-prefix and the use of multi-carriers. In high-mobility environment, DVB-T signals pass the time-varying channel, and a loss of sub-carrier orthogonality due to Doppler spread of received signals leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI).This ICI effect degrades the maximum allowed velocity of reception. For eliminating this ICI effect due to high-mobility reception, this thesis modifies other’s methods and introduces a method about channel estimation and equalization, which is suitable high-mobility reception.
In this thesis, we refer to the DVB-T standard, and further make it suitability for high mobility environment.We use multiple antennas technique and ICI cancellation,compares three different scheme for channel and ICI estimation.
This thesis proposed method improve the maximum allowed velocity as high as 250km/h for DVB-T receiver with SISO in 8K mode、16QAM、code-rate=1/2,and multiple antennas DVB-T reception improve the maximum allowed velocity more then 300km/h.Finally, reception use group pilot estimation technique SISO-DVB-T-like can work as 300km/h.

關鍵字(中)

★ 載波間干擾
★ 歐規數位電視地面廣播
★ 高速移動

關鍵字(英)

★ DVB-T
★ ICI
★ High-mobility

論文目次

摘要 i
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與背景 1
1.2 章節提要 2
第二章正交分頻多工系統與多天線分集技術簡介 3
2.1 正交分頻多工系統簡介 3
2.1.1 OFDM調變介紹 3
2.1.2 OFDM領航碼輔助通道估測 (Pilot Assisted Channel Estimation)與系統種類介紹 8
2.1.3 OFDM基頻等效模型 13
2.2 多天線分集技術簡介 15
2.2.1 接收端分集 (Receiver diversity) 15
2.2.2 傳送端分集 (Transmit diversity) 17
2.3 多天線分集技術與正交分頻多工系統之結合 19
2.3.1 MRC-OFDM 和 STBC-OFDM 19
2.3.2 SFBC-OFDM 22
第三章歐規數位電視地面廣播系統簡介 24
3.1 DVB-T系統規格與參數 24
第四章通道估測與載波間干擾消除 30
4.1 正交分頻多工系統與載波間干擾 30
4.2 動態通道模型 (Time-varying Channel Model) 33
4.3 通道估測(Channel Estimation) 37
4.3.1 SISO/SIMO-OFDM 系統通道估測 37
4.3.1.1 通道估測與載波間干擾估測合適於DVB-T 37
4.3.1.1.1 最小平方法通道估測 (Least Square Channel Estimation) 38
4.3.1.1.2 通道響應插值 (Interpolation of the Channel Response) 39
4.3.1.1.3 載波間干擾估測 (ICI Estimation) 40
4.3.1.1.4 通道估測準確度之改善1 (反覆式通道估測) 48
4.3.1.1.5 通道估測準確度之改善2 (通道濾波) 49
4.3.1.2 結合通道與載波間干擾估測法 (Joint Channel and ICI Estimation Method) 51
4.3.1.3 虛擬雜訊序列通道與ICI估測法 (Pseudo-noise Channel and ICI Estimation Method) 55
4.3.2 MISO/MIMO-OFDM 系統通道估測 60
4.3.2.1 散佈領航碼頻域最小平方法通道估測 (Scattered Pilot Frequency Domain-Least Square Channel Estimation, FD-LS) 60
4.3.2.2 SFBC 散佈領航碼頻域最小平方法通道估測 (SFBC Scattered Pilot Frequency Domain-Least Square Channel Estimation, FD-LS) 61
4.3.2.3 結合通道與載波間干擾估測法 (Joint Channel and ICI Estimation Method) 62
4.3.2.4 虛擬雜訊序列通道與ICI估測法 (Pseudo-noise Channel and ICI Estimation Method) 63
4.4 通道等化與載波間干擾消除(Channel Equalization and ICI Cancellation) 64
4.4.1 連續式載波間干擾消除 (Serial Intercarrier Interference Cancellation) 65
4.4.2 考慮ICI之零值逼近等化 (Zero-forcing Equalization with Considering ICI) 66
4.4.3 結合零值逼近等化與連續干擾消除 69
4.4.4 低複雜度零值逼近等化 (Low-Complexity Zero-forcing Equalization) 70
第五章電腦模擬與結果分析 72
5.1 模擬接收機架構介紹 72
5.2 高速移動下DVB-T系統效能模擬 74
5.3 不同通道與載波間干擾估測方法之比較 75
5.4 不同載波間干擾等化與消除方法之比較 79
5.5 多天線分集技術與載波間干擾等化消除技術模擬 81
5.6 綜合比較模擬 83
第六章結論與未來發展 90
參考文獻 91

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳逸民(Yih-Min Chen)

審核日期

2008-7-14

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