模擬自由落體動力行為的接近不可壓縮直接施力沉浸邊界法

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姓名

陳詩柔(Shi-Rou Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

數學系

論文名稱

模擬自由落體動力行為的接近不可壓縮直接施力沉浸邊界法
(A Nearly Incompressible Direct Forcing Immersed Boundary Method for Simulating the Dynamics of Freely Falling Solid Balls)

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摘要(中)

本文主要實現一種接近不可壓縮直接施力的沉浸邊界法，用以求解流體和固體耦合問題，並模擬二維空間中圓形自由落體的動力行為。此方法結合了人工壓縮法、直接施力沉浸邊界法和一種預測校正程序，並整合一個碰撞模型。首先我們使用懲罰技術來弱化納維-斯托克斯方程組中的不可壓縮條件，然後引入一個僅分布在固體範圍上的虛擬力，並將其加入流體的動量方程式中，以期符合沉浸固體的無滑動邊界條件。對於時間變數的離散，我們引用二階向後差分公式離散方程組中的時間變量，改進了cite{C}一文中的時間精度，並使用一個時間二階的泰勒近似逼近非線性對流項。關於空間變數的離散，我們在交錯的笛卡爾網格上使用二階中央差分法進行速度場與壓力場的空間變數離散。在實現該接近不可壓縮直接施力的沉浸邊界法時，我們運用一種用預測校正方法，並在該程序中導入一個碰撞模型來模擬固體間碰撞所引發的排斥力。最後，我們經由一系列的二維自由落體模擬實驗來驗證此方法所具有的合理效能。

摘要(英)

The aim of this thesis is to realize a nearly incompressible direct forcing
immersed boundary method for solving fluid-solid intersection problems
and simulating the dynamics of freely falling solid balls in two-dimensional space.
This approach combines the artificial compressibility method and
the direct-forcing immersed boundary method with
a prediction-correction process, and also integrated with a collision model.
In this thesis, we first employ the penalty technique to weaken
the incompressibility condition in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Then we introduce a virtual force which is distributed on the solid object region
and appended to the fluid momentum equation to fulfill
the no-slip boundary condition at the immersed solid boundary.
For the time-discretization, we employ the second-order backward difference to discretize
the time variable, which improves the time accuracy of the method considered in cite{C},
and we approximate the nonlinear convection term by using a second-order Taylor formula.
For the space-discretization, we use the second-order central difference
over the staggered Cartesian grid for the velocity and pressure fields.
The nearly incompressible direct forcing immersed boundary method is implemented
in a prediction-correction way.
In that process, we also integrate a collision model into the method to mimic
the repulsion force arising from body-body or body-wall collisions
in the fluid-solid interaction process.
Finally, a series of numerical experiments of freely falling solid balls
in two-dimensional space are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

關鍵字(中)

★ 不可壓縮納維-斯托克斯方程式
★ 流固耦合
★ 人工壓縮法
★ 直接施力法
★ 沉浸邊界法
★ 沉澱作用

關鍵字(英)

★ incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
★ fluid-solid interaction
★ artificial compressibility method
★ direct forcing method
★ immersed boundary method
★ sedimentation

論文目次

1 前言 1
2 流固耦合問題的統御方程組 5
2.1 流體統御方程 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 碰撞模型 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 固體運動方程 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 統御方程組的離散近似方法 9
3.1 時間離散 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.1 流體統御方程時間離散 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.2 固體運動方程時間離散 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 空間離散 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.1 壓力 p 的近似位置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.2 速度 u = (u, v) 的近似位置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.3 空間微分算子離散 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 完整的演算法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3.1 步驟 1：求解固體速度方程 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3.2 步驟 2：求解流體統御方程 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 數值模擬實驗 17
4.1 單球自由落體 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 雙球自由落體 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3 多球沉澱問題 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5 結語 23
A 附錄：泰勒公式 24
參考文獻 25

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指導教授

楊肅煜(Suh-Yuh Yang)

審核日期

2020-1-8

推文