博碩士論文 107623014 詳細資訊




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姓名 任維崧(Wei-Sung Jen)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 太空科學與工程研究所
論文名稱 利用反捲積法反演中壢特高頻雷達空中降水參數
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摘要(中) 本次研究是利用中壢特高頻(VHF)52MHz雷達以及地面二維雨滴譜儀(Disdrometer)來研究空中降水的情形,可分別得到空中降水粒子的終端速度、回波功率、頻譜寬、大氣回波功率、大氣垂直速度、大氣頻譜寬以及地面降雨率、雨滴粒徑分佈參數。由於降水粒子會對電磁波在大氣中的傳播造成衰減,因此研究空中降水粒子特性便為之重要,尤其是降水粒子在空中的粒徑分佈情形。
過去幾年內,許多研究皆說明了伽瑪雨滴粒徑分佈較符合真實雨滴粒子的分佈狀況,此文透過反捲積(Deconvolution)的方法反演出空中伽瑪雨滴粒徑分佈參數N_0 、μ、Λ,進而得到重要降水參數,如質量均值粒徑(D_m)、質量中值粒徑(D_0)、降雨率(R)等等…。為了驗證反捲積過程能有效地運用在雷達觀測資料上,藉由理論推導來模擬雷達降水回波頻譜及其對應的雨滴粒徑分佈情形,並考慮在不同大小雜訊影響下,反捲積過程的結果與理論值的誤差,可以發現隨著訊雜比的提升,所得到的誤差將隨之減少。
本次觀測的降水事件為2019年6月22日22:10LT至6月23日18:00LT這兩天的降水資料,分別利用傳統的反演方式以及反捲積方法反演空中降水參數D_m 、R並與地面雨滴譜儀量測結果做比較,顯示相對於傳統方式,反捲積過程的結果較趨近於地面雨滴譜儀觀測之結果。接著,依據不同的降水型態來分析所反演的降水參數並與特定時間下雨滴譜儀的資料做比對,計算兩者間的相關係數、方均根差、互相關函數,顯示無論是層狀降水或是對流降水,在時間平移後所得到的結果皆有改善的現象且受到不同大氣垂直速度的影響,使得兩種不同降水型態的時間延遲也有不同的結果。最後,探討降水終端速度與頻譜寬之間的關係,由散佈圖可看出隨著雷達回波的訊雜比提升,所觀測到的散佈型態較類似地面雨滴譜儀量測的結果,故訊雜比的大小為反演結果好壞的重要指標。
摘要(英) The study uses Chung-Li 52MHz VHF radar and two dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD or disdrometer) to investigate precipitation phenomenon in the air. We can obtain precipitation terminal velocity, echo power, spectral width, air velocity, air echo power, air spectral width, rainfall rate and drop size distribution (DSD) from each apparatus. The precipitation particles will attenuate electromagnetic wave propagation in the air, so the study of their characteristic is very important, especially for DSD in the air.
In the past few years, many researches suggested that Gamma DSD was the closest to real DSD. The study through the deconvolution method to retrieve Gamma DSD parameters N_0 、μ、Λ and further important parameters such as mass-weighted averaged diameter (D_m), median volume diameter (D_0) and rainfall rate (R) etc. in the air. We simulate radar precipitation spectrums and corresponding DSDs through the theoretical formula in order to confirm the deconvolution method can efficiently be used in radar observed data, and then consider the errors between deconvolution results and theoretical values with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show the errors reduce while SNR increase.
The data in this study is the precipitation events from June 22th 22:10LT to June 23th 18:00LT, 2019. We compare precipitation parameters D_m and R retrieved by traditional method and deconvolution process with ground-based 2DVD and find that deconvolution method is more closer to the 2DVD observation then tradition does. Next, according to precipitation characteristics, we separate the precipitation events into two categories, stratiform and convective precipitations. The statistical parameters, i.e., correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error and cross correlation function are calculated to compare radar retrieved parameters with 2DVD. Finally, both categories improve their results after the time shift. However, due to the different air velocity, the time delay will also be different. Last, we investigate the relationship between precipitation terminal velocity and its spectral width. The scatter diagrams show that the performances become closer to the pattern of disdrometer’s results when SNR increase, so the level of SNR be an important index when retrieving precipitation parameters in the air.
關鍵字(中) ★ 反捲積
★ 反演空中降水參數
關鍵字(英)
論文目次 摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1 降水的成因與種類 1
1.2 VHF雷達發展史 3
1.3 研究動機與論文簡介 5
第二章 觀測原理 7
2.1 VHF雷達回波特性 7
2.2 大氣折射指數 9
2.3 大氣回波機制 11
2.4 降水回波機制 15
2.5 伽瑪雨滴粒徑分佈參數 19
第三章 儀器簡介與資料分析 25
3.1 中壢特高頻(VHF)雷達 25
3.2 雨滴譜儀(Disdrometer) 30
3.3 雨滴譜儀觀測原理 34
3.4 觀測資料取得 38
3.5 雷達參數設定 39
3.6 資料分析處理方法與流程 40
第四章 空中降水參數反演 43
4.1 反捲積過程 43
4.2 降水頻譜模擬流程 50
4.3 近似解反演雨滴粒徑分佈參數 56
4.4 降水頻譜反演空中降水參數 69
第五章 觀測結果與討論 71
5.1 模擬降水頻譜與理想值比較 71
5.2 雷達降水回波與雨滴譜儀資料的比較 84
5.3 層狀降水與對流降水區分 86
5.4 雷達觀測距離閘之校正與板橋探空資料的比較 93
5.5 雨滴譜儀降雨率計算之比較 98
5.6 反捲積過程反演空中伽瑪雨滴粒徑分佈參數 104
5.7 雨滴終端速度與頻譜寬的關係 121
第六章 結論與未來展望 130
6.1 結論 130
6.2 未來展望 133
參考資料 134
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指導教授 朱延祥(Yen-Hsyang Chu) 審核日期 2020-7-28
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