以北台灣GPS資料分析山腳斷層的震間滑移速率

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柯逸寧(Yi-Ning Ke) 查詢紙本館藏

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地球科學學系

論文名稱

以北台灣GPS資料分析山腳斷層的震間滑移速率
(Interseismic slip of the Shanchiao fault from GPS measurements in northern Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

台北是台灣的政治經濟中心，鄰近的山腳正斷層為北台灣最主要的活動構造之一。近年台灣建立起大範圍的全球衛星定位系統(GPS)觀測網，以連續且密集的近斷層地表運動觀測結果，來偵測分析活動斷層的地下形貌及滑移變形。本研究以運動學的角度，先使用前人研究提出的山腳斷層幾何參數，建立其彈性半空間錯位模型，再以北台灣2006 - 2016年間41個GPS連續站及2006 - 2015年間81個移動站之水平速度場，逆推分析山腳斷層的間震滑移速率分布及特性。方法上先以非負最小二乘法計算大範圍斷層面上的平均滑移速率值，再用非負吉洪諾夫正則化方法分析斷層的滑移分布特性及其與地表速度場的關聯，並應用經驗自助抽樣法(empirical bootstrap)估算滑移誤差。結果顯示山腳斷層的間震左滑分量集中在低傾角的深部(>6 km)子斷層，速率約為11.5–24.9 mm/yr；而正滑分量在高傾角(~75º)的淺部子斷層為3.1–8.7 mm/yr，深部子斷層則為5.0–9.3 mm/yr。根據比較觀測及由模型擬合的地表速度場，本文推論山腳斷層的間震滑移除了一般認知由跨斷層的西北—東南伸張所引起的正斷層分量外，其深部低傾角部分的左滑分量主要反映了因區域碰撞及隱沒作用所造成的順時針地殼旋轉，在構造上類似於底部滑脫面的震間變形。本研究以測地資料提供了山腳活斷層的短期滑移速率，可與地質資料所得的長期速率進行結合比較，做為斷層危害及潛勢分析之參考依據。

摘要(英)

The Shanchiao active fault is an important seismogenic structure in northern Taiwan, which is adjacent to Taipei— the capital city and administrative and economic center of Taiwan. In recent years, a dense GPS monitoring network has been built up in Taiwan, with a purpose of analyzing the location and deformation near active faults. From the perspective of kinematics, this study adopted some geometric models of the Shanchiao fault from previous studies to establish elastic half-space dislocation models and to evaluate interseismic slip rate of the fault. By utilizing the horizontal velocity field from 41 continuous and 81 campaign GPS stations observed from 2006 to 2015, this study performed non-negative least squares method to obtain average slip rates on four subfaults. Moreover, non-negative Tikhonov regularization method was used to resolve fault-slip distribution, and its relation to the surface velocity field was discussed. An empirical bootstrap method was then applied to estimate the confidence interval of slip rate. Results show that the shallow (<6 km) and steep (~75º) part of the Shanchiao fault slips mostly normal with interseismic rates of 3.1–8.7 mm/yr, consistent with the NW-SE streching found across the fault. The deep and flat part, however, behaves like a low-angle detachment fault for accommodating the proposed regional post-orogenic extension and clockwise rotation, with normal and left-lateral slip rates of 5.0–9.3 mm/yr and 11.5–24.9 mm/yr, respectively. These geodetically implied “short-term” fault-slip rates can be considered as an independent dataset other than the “long-term” geological slip rates, where the two should be integrated for evaluating the potential earthquake hazard of the Shanchiao fault.

關鍵字(中)

★ 山腳正斷層
★ 全球衛星定位系統
★ 間震滑移
★ 彈性半空間錯位模型

關鍵字(英)

★ Shanchiao fault
★ GPS
★ Interseismic slip
★ elastic half-space dislocation

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究區域概述 1
1-2-1 北台灣地體構造 1
1-2-2 山腳斷層 4
1-2-3 北台灣地表變形之測地研究 5
第二章研究資料與方法 10
2-1 GPS測地資料分析 10
2-2 模型建立 11
2-3 模型逆推方法 15
2-4 測試模型 18
2-5 參數誤差分析 20
第三章結果與討論 47
3-1 觀測資料逆推結果 47
3-1-1 均勻滑移模型之逆推結果 47
3-1-2 不均勻滑移模型之逆推結果 48
3-2 觀測資料逆推結果討論 49
3-3 殘差分析 49
3-3-1 區域塊體平移效應 50
3-3-2 區域塊體旋轉效應 51
3-4 測地與地質斷層滑移速率比較 52
第四章結論 75
參考文獻 76
附錄 A 81
附錄 B 87
附錄 C 89

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指導教授

張午龍(Wu-Lung Chang)

審核日期

2020-8-20

推文