參考文獻 |
Bäumer, D., S. Versick and B. Vogel (2008). Determination of the visibility using a digital panorama camera. Atmospheric Environment 42(11): 2593-2602.
Cao, J.-j., Q.-y. Wang, J. C. Chow, J. G. Watson, X.-x. Tie, Z.-x. Shen, P. Wang and Z.-s. An (2012). Impacts of aerosol compositions on visibility impairment in Xi′an, China. Atmospheric Environment 59: 559-566.
Carrico, C. M. (2003). Urban aerosol radiative properties: Measurements during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(D7).
Carrico, C. M., M. H. Bergin, J. Xu, K. Baumann and H. Maring (2003). Urban aerosol radiative properties: Measurements during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 108(D7).
Chamaillard, K., C. Kleefeld, S. G. Jennings, D. Ceburnis and C. D. O’Dowd (2006). Light scattering properties of sea-salt aerosol particles inferred from modeling studies and ground-based measurements. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 101(3): 498-511.
Cheng, Z., J. Jiang, C. Chen, J. Gao, S. Wang, J. G. Watson, H. Wang, J. Deng, B. Wang, M. Zhou, J. C. Chow, M. L. Pitchford and J. Hao (2015). Estimation of Aerosol Mass Scattering Efficiencies under High Mass Loading: Case Study for the Megacity of Shanghai, China. Environmental Science & Technology 49(2): 831-838.
Cheng, Z., X. Ma, Y. He, J. Jiang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Sheng, J. Hu and N. Yan (2017). Mass extinction efficiency and extinction hygroscopicity of ambient PM2.5 in urban China. Environ Res 156: 239-246.
Das, S., B. K. Brimley, T. E. Lindheimer and A. Pant (2017). Safety impacts of reduced visibility in inclement weather, Center for Advancing Transportation Leadership and Safety (ATLAS Center).
Garg, A., N. Gupta and S. Tyagi (2019). Levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene near a traffic-congested area of East Delhi. Environmental Claims Journal 31(1): 5-15.
Griffing, G. W. (1980). Relations between the prevailing visibility, nephelometer scattering coefficient and sunphotometer turbidity coefficient. Atmospheric Environment (1967) 14(5): 577-584.
Hand, J. and W. Malm (2007). Review of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies from ground‐based measurements since 1990. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 112(D16).
Hand, J. L., A. J. Prenni, B. A. Schichtel, W. C. Malm and J. C. Chow (2019). Trends in remote PM2.5 residual mass across the United States: Implications for aerosol mass reconstruction in the IMPROVE network. Atmospheric Environment 203: 141-152.
Jing, J. S., Y. F. Wu, J. Tao, H. Z. Che, X. G. Xia, X. C. Zhang, P. Yan, D. M. Zhao and L. M. Zhang (2015). Observation and analysis of near-surface atmospheric aerosol optical properties in urban Beijing. Particuology 18: 144-154.
Jung, J., H. Lee, Y. J. Kim, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Gu and S. Fan (2009). Aerosol chemistry and the effect of aerosol water content on visibility impairment and radiative forcing in Guangzhou during the 2006 Pearl River Delta campaign. Journal of Environmental Management 90(11): 3231-3244.
Jung, J., J. Yu, Y. Lyu, M. Lee, T. Hwang and S. Lee (2017). Ground-based characterization of aerosol spectral optical properties of haze and Asian dust episodes under Asian continental outflow during winter 2014. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17(8): 5297-5309.
Lan, Z., B. Zhang, X. Huang, Q. Zhu, J. Yuan, L. Zeng, M. Hu and L. He (2018). Source apportionment of PM2.5 light extinction in an urban atmosphere in China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 63: 277-284.
Latimer, R. N. C. and R. V. Martin (2019). Interpretation of measured aerosol mass scattering efficiency over North America using a chemical transport model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19(4): 2635-2653.
Liu, N. W., Y. J. Ma, J. Z. Ma, Y. F. Wang, S. Y. Yang and L. G. Li (2015). Atmospheric extinction properties in Shenyang, China. Particuology 18: 120-126.
Liu, X., Y. Zhang, J. Jung, J. Gu, Y. Li, S. Guo, S.-Y. Chang, D. Yue, P. Lin, Y. J. Kim, M. Hu, L. Zeng and T. Zhu (2009). Research on the hygroscopic properties of aerosols by measurement and modeling during CAREBeijing-2006. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114(D2).
Lowenthal, D. H. and N. Kumar (2016). Evaluation of the IMPROVE Equation for estimating aerosol light extinction. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 66(7): 726-737.
Lyamani, H., F. Olmo and L. Aladosarboledas (2008). Light scattering and absorption properties of aerosol particles in the urban environment of Granada, Spain. Atmospheric Environment 42(11): 2630-2642.
Malm, W., S. Cismoski, A. Prenni and M. Peters (2018). Use of cameras for monitoring visibility impairment. Atmospheric Environment 175: 167-183.
Malm, W. C. and J. L. Hand (2007). An examination of the physical and optical properties of aerosols collected in the IMPROVE program. Atmospheric Environment 41(16): 3407-3427.
Nakayama, T., R. Hagino, Y. Matsumi, Y. Sakamoto, M. Kawasaki, A. Yamazaki, A. Uchiyama, R. Kudo, N. Moteki, Y. Kondo and K. Tonokura (2010). Measurements of aerosol optical properties in central Tokyo during summertime using cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Comparison with conventional techniques. Atmospheric Environment 44(25): 3034-3042.
Park, E. S. and I. N. Sener (2019). Traffic-related air emissions in Houston: Effects of light-rail transit. Science of The Total Environment 651: 154-161.
Pettersson, A., E. R. Lovejoy, C. A. Brock, S. S. Brown and A. R. Ravishankara (2004). Measurement of aerosol optical extinction at 532nm with pulsed cavity ring down spectroscopy. Journal of Aerosol Science 35(8): 995-1011.
Pitchford, M., W. Malm, B. Schichtel, N. Kumar, D. Lowenthal and J. Hand (2007). Revised Algorithm for Estimating Light Extinction from IMPROVE Particle Speciation Data. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 57(11): 1326-1336.
Prenni, A. J., J. L. Hand, W. C. Malm, S. Copeland, G. Luo, F. Yu, N. Taylor, L. M. Russell and B. A. Schichtel (2019). An examination of the algorithm for estimating light extinction from IMPROVE particle speciation data. Atmospheric Environment 214: 116880.
Requia, W. J., C. D. Higgins, M. D. Adams, M. Mohamed and P. Koutrakis (2018). The health impacts of weekday traffic: A health risk assessment of PM2.5 emissions during congested periods. Environment International 111: 164-176.
Sabetghadam, S. and F. Ahmadi-Givi (2014). Relationship of extinction coefficient, air pollution, and meteorological parameters in an urban area during 2007 to 2009. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 21(1): 538-547.
Schichtel, B. A., R. B. Husar, S. R. Falke and W. E. Wilson (2001). Haze trends over the United States, 1980–1995. Atmospheric Environment 35(30): 5205-5210.
Shen, X. J., J. Y. Sun, X. Y. Zhang, Y. M. Zhang, L. Zhang, H. C. Che, Q. L. Ma, X. M. Yu, Y. Yue and Y. W. Zhang (2015). Characterization of submicron aerosols and effect on visibility during a severe haze-fog episode in Yangtze River Delta, China. Atmospheric Environment 120: 307-316.
Singh, A., W. J. Bloss and F. D. Pope (2017). 60 years of UK visibility measurements: impact of meteorology and atmospheric pollutants on visibility. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(3): 2085-2101.
Soni, K., S. Singh, T. Bano, R. S. Tanwar, S. Nath and B. C. Arya (2010). Variations in single scattering albedo and Angstrom absorption exponent during different seasons at Delhi, India. Atmospheric Environment 44(35): 4355-4363.
Tan, R. T. (2008). Visibility in bad weather from a single image. 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE.
Tao, J., L. Zhang, J. Cao, S.-C. Hsu, X. Xia, Z. Zhang, Z. Lin, T. Cheng and R. Zhang (2014). Characterization and source apportionment of aerosol light extinction in Chengdu, southwest China. Atmospheric Environment 95: 552-562.
Tao, J., L. Zhang, K. Ho, R. Zhang, Z. Lin, Z. Zhang, M. Lin, J. Cao, S. Liu and G. Wang (2014). Impact of PM2. 5 chemical compositions on aerosol light scattering in Guangzhou—the largest megacity in South China. Atmospheric Research 135: 48-58.
Tao, J., Z. Zhang, Y. Wu, L. Zhang, Z. Wu, P. Cheng, M. Li, L. Chen, R. Zhang and J. Cao (2019). Impact of particle number and mass size distributions of major chemical components on particle mass scattering efficiency in urban Guangzhou in southern China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19(13): 8471-8490.
Tsekeri, A., V. Amiridis, F. Marenco, A. Nenes, E. Marinou, S. Solomos, P. Rosenberg, J. Trembath, G. J. Nott, J. Allan, M. Le Breton, A. Bacak, H. Coe, C. Percival and N. Mihalopoulos (2017). Profiling aerosol optical, microphysical and hygroscopic properties in ambient conditions by combining in situ and remote sensing. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10(1): 83-107.
Wang, J., A. Virkkula, Y. Gao, S. Lee, Y. Shen, X. Chi, W. Nie, Q. Liu, Z. Xu, X. Huang, T. Wang, L. Cui and A. Ding (2017). Observations of aerosol optical properties at a coastal site in Hong Kong, South China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(4): 2653-2671.
Wang, Q., Y. Sun, Q. Jiang, W. Du, C. Sun, P. Fu and Z. Wang (2015). Chemical composition of aerosol particles and light extinction apportionment before and during the heating season in Beijing, China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120(24): 12708-12722.
Watson, J. (2002). Visibility: Science and Regulation. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 52: 628-713.
WMO (2017). Manual on the Global Observing System, Volume I – Global Aspects : Annex V to the WMO Technical Regulations. World Meteorological Organization WMO-No. 544.
Womack, C. C., E. E. McDuffie, P. M. Edwards, R. Bares, J. A. de Gouw, K. S. Docherty, W. P. Dubé, D. L. Fibiger, A. Franchin, J. B. Gilman, L. Goldberger, B. H. Lee, J. C. Lin, R. Long, A. M. Middlebrook, D. B. Millet, A. Moravek, J. G. Murphy, P. K. Quinn, T. P. Riedel, J. M. Roberts, J. A. Thornton, L. C. Valin, P. R. Veres, A. R. Whitehill, R. J. Wild, C. Warneke, B. Yuan, M. Baasandorj and S. S. Brown (2019). An Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies. Geophysical Research Letters 46(9): 4971-4979.
Xu, J., J. Tao, R. Zhang, T. Cheng, C. Leng, J. Chen, G. Huang, X. Li and Z. Zhu (2012). Measurements of surface aerosol optical properties in winter of Shanghai. Atmospheric Research 109-110: 25-35.
Yang, M., S. Howell, J. Zhuang and B. Huebert (2009). Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon, brown carbon, and dust in China–interpretations of atmospheric measurements during EAST-AIRE. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(6): 2035-2050.
Zhang, Z., Y. Shen, Y. Li, B. Zhu and X. Yu (2017). Analysis of extinction properties as a function of relative humidity using a κ-EC-Mie model in Nanjing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(6): 4147-4157.
Zhu, W., Z. Cheng, S. Lou, W. Hu, J. Zheng, L. Qiao and N. Yan (2019). Reconstructed algorithm for scattering coefficient of ambient submicron particles. Environmental Pollution 253: 439-448.
Zhuang, B., T. Wang, J. Liu, S. Li, M. Xie, Y. Han, P. Chen, Q. Hu, X. Q. Yang, C. Fu and J. Zhu (2017). The surface aerosol optical properties in the urban area of Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17(2): 1143-1160.
Zhuang, B. L., T. J. Wang, J. Liu, S. Li, M. Xie, Y. Han, P. L. Chen, Q. D. Hu, X. Q. Yang, C. B. Fu and J. L. Zhu (2017). The surface aerosol optical properties in the urban area of Nanjing, west Yangtze River Delta, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(2): 1143-1160. |