熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放特性探討

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徐偉恩(Wei-En Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放特性探討
(Characterization of Dioxin Emissions from Thermal Processes)

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摘要(中)

本研究探討中部一座木屑鍋爐廠之操作條件對戴奧辛排放特性及生成潛勢之影響，調查其物種分布特性，並蒐集焚化爐、中小型焚化爐、電弧爐、二次銅冶煉爐及木屑鍋爐等固定污染源之煙囪煙道氣戴奧辛排放數據，彙整其戴奧辛同源物種分布特性加以比對檢視，觀察相同之處。結果顯示木屑鍋爐第一次採樣及第二次採樣煙囪煙道氣戴奧辛濃度分別為2.39 ng/Nm3及6.53 ng/Nm3其毒性當量分別為0.21 ng I-TEQ/Nm3及0.17 ng I-TEQ/Nm3，兩次採樣之毒性當量濃度目前以我國中小型焚化爐每小時四公噸以下的標準視均符合法規標準，但未來若以中小型廢棄物焚化爐煙道戴奧辛 (11%氧含量校正)或鍋爐空氣污染物(6%氧含量校正)排放標準審視本廠之戴奧辛排放濃度，仍須進一步改善戴奧辛濃度。在排放係數上，1號及2號鍋爐分別為152及184 μg I-TEQ/ton，高於其他行業之排放係數，顯示在木屑鍋爐之戴奧辛排放不容忽視。同源物種方面在飛灰及煙道氣皆以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD 及 O8CDD為優勢物種。另外搜集了29廠不同熱處理程序之煙道氣戴奧辛數據與本研究之木屑鍋爐進行物種分布比對及探討，發現大多數排放源之戴奧辛物種分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF、O8CDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD及O8CDD為主要優勢物種，少部分排放源則分布較為複雜，且高低氯數佔比相當。PCA分析結果將戴奧辛物種分布相似之污染源聚集一群，暸解在熱處理程序雖有不同，但鍋爐後端防制設備及操作條件能有效去除戴奧辛時，其物種分布為相似的，且多以高氯數之DD/DF為優勢物種。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the characteristics of PCDD/Fs emission from a wood chip boiler. It also investigates the congener distribution via collection of PCDD/F emission data from MSWI, small and medium-sized incinerators, and electric arc furnace, secondary copper smelting furnace and wood chip boilers. The results show that the concentrations of dioxin in the flue gas of the first sampling and the second sampling of the wood chip boiler are 2.39 ng/Nm3 and 6.53 ng/Nm3, respectively, and the toxic equivalents are 0.21 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 and 0.17 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs measured at the stack are lower than the emission limit (0.5 ng I-TEQ/Nm3). In terms of emission factor, No. 1 and No. 2 boilers are 152 and 184 μg I-TEQ/ton, respectively, which are higher than the emission factors of other thermal processes, indicating that the dioxin emission in wood chip boilers cannot be ignored. In terms of homologous species, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD and O8CDD are the dominant congeners in fly ash and flue gas. In addition, the dioxin emission data of 29 plants with different thermal processes were collected and compared with the wood chip boilers in this study. It was found that 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF, O8CDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD and O8CDD are the dominant congeners for most plants studied, and a small number of plants are more complex in distribution, and the proportion of high and low chlorine numbers is equivalent. In the PCA analysis, most pollution sources with similar dioxin congener distribution were gathered into a group. It is understood that although the thermal processes investigated are different, as long as the APCDs adopted can effectively remove dioxin from gas streams, the distribution of congener will be very similar.

關鍵字(中)

★ 熱處理程序
★ 木屑鍋爐
★ 戴奧辛
★ 主成分分析

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章研究緣起與目的 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 戴奧辛類化合物 3
2-2 燃燒過程中戴奧辛類化合物的生成機制 7
2-3 國內戴奧辛排放現況 11
2-4 排放控制技術 19
2-4-1 減少戴奧辛之前驅物及催化金屬進入系統 19
2-4-2 減少爐內生成 20
2-4-3 避免爐外低溫再合成 22
2-4-4 去除已生成之戴奧辛類化合物 23
2-5 木屑鍋爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 32
2-5-1 木材特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 33
2-5-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 36
2-6 焚化爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 38
2-6-1 廢棄物特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 39
2-6-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 41
2-7 冶煉廠戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 43
2-7-1 物料特性對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 44
2-7-2 操作狀態對戴奧辛類化合物排放之影響 45
2-8 電弧爐戴奧辛類化合物之排放特性 46
2-9 熱處理程序之戴奧辛物種排放分布比對 47
2-9-1 焚化廠排放物種 47
2-9-2 電弧爐排放物種 49
2-9-3 二次銅冶鍊廠排放物種 51
2-9-4 木屑鍋爐排放物種 53
2-9-5 各類熱處理程序之戴奧辛物種 55
第三章研究方法 56
3-1 研究流程 56
3-2 採樣對象 56
3-3 固定污染源之數據資料 58
3-4 煙道樣品採樣程序 59
3-5 灰樣品採樣程序 60
3-6 戴奧辛類化合物樣品前處理與分析方法 60
3-6-1 煙道樣品萃取程序 60
3-6-2 底渣及飛灰樣品萃取程序 62
3-6-3 戴奧辛類化合物樣品淨化程序 63
3-6-4 HRGC/HRMS分析 64
3-7 主成分因子分析(Principal component analysis, PCA) 64
第四章結果與討論 71
4-1 第一次採樣1號鍋爐操作參數 71
4-1-1 第一次採樣(1號爐)各點戴奧辛濃度 74
4-1-2 第一次採樣(1號爐)各點戴奧辛物種分布 77
4-1-3 第一次採樣(1號爐)底渣及飛灰戴奧辛濃度 79
4-2第二次採樣 83
4-2-1 2號鍋爐之操作參數 84
4-2-2 2號鍋爐煙囪之戴奧辛濃度 85
4-2-3 2號鍋爐灰渣戴奧辛濃度 87
4-3 木屑鍋爐之排放係數 93
4-4 其他熱處理程序之戴奧辛排放物種分布 95
4-4-1 焚化廠之戴奧辛物種分布 95
4-4-2 電弧爐之戴奧辛物種分布 97
4-4-3 二次銅冶煉廠之戴奧辛物種分布 99
4-4-4 中小型焚化爐之戴奧辛物種分布 102
4-4-5 木屑鍋爐之戴奧辛物種分布 104
4-5 主成分分析(PCA) 107
4-5-1 焚化爐之PCA分析 107
4-5-2 電弧爐之PCA分析 108
4-5-3 二次銅冶鍊之PCA分析 109
4-5-4 中小型焚化爐之PCA分析 111
4-5-5 木屑鍋爐之PCA分析 112
第五章結論與建議 117
5-1 結論 117
5-2 建議 119
參考文獻 120

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2020-8-24

推文