離子液體預處理對生廚餘厭氧甲烷產率之影響

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王志聖(Jhihs-heng Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

離子液體預處理對生廚餘厭氧甲烷產率之影響
(Effect of ionic liquid pretreatment on anaerobic methane production of Uncooked food waste)

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摘要(中)

生廚餘由富含木質纖維素之蔬果所組成，此結構在天然環境能有效抵抗病蟲害，然而在厭氧消化過程中會降低微生物對其之利用。本論文評估生廚餘經離子液體[Bmim]Cl預處理是否能溶解木質素與提升厭氧消化產甲烷效率，以及[Bmim]Cl經多次回收再利用對木質素溶解與甲烷產率的趨勢變化。本研究生廚餘之木質纖維素分析顯示，木質素含量普遍都低於10 %，與文獻中常用於離子液體預處理之生質物相比有一段落差。經預處理後生廚餘質量損失約50 %，從生廚餘水解特性實驗研判此批生廚餘易於水解，因此造成質量損失過高。預處理溶劑以雙水相系統進行[Bmim]Cl回收，隨著[Bmim]Cl回收再利用次數增加，回收率呈現下降趨勢，木質素溶解率與生廚餘質量損失率則沒有呈現一定的趨勢。生廚餘經預處理後木質素溶解率除了第一批生廚餘之第三次[Bmim]Cl預處理沒有明顯跡象，其餘生廚餘組別木質素均呈現被溶解跡象。將經預處理與原生餘進行厭氧消化比較，發現每組生廚餘預處理與未預處理之組別甲烷累積產氣量無明顯差別，以ANOVA分析結果P值均大於0.05。研判本論文生廚餘本身木質素含量過低，即使不經預處理也不會改變厭氧消化甲烷產率。根據預處理實驗可知生廚餘經離子液體預處理後質量會大量損失，推測經預處理後[Bmim]Cl與磷酸鉀水溶液具有厭氧消化產甲烷潛能，並搭配COD分析判斷溶解態生廚餘經雙水相系統分布情況。結果顯示兩種經預處理與回收之溶液均無法提升甲烷產率，研判主因為上述實驗並不是即時分析，導致兩種溶劑經長時間擺放造成有機物質被消耗殆盡。本研究結果顯示以[Bmim]Cl對生廚餘進行預處理並無法提升厭氧甲烷產氣量，然而離子液體種類盛多，因此可藉由不斷測試來尋找出最能提升甲烷產率與經濟之種類。經預處理[Bmim]Cl與回收所得磷酸鉀溶液也無法完全排除並無產甲烷潛能，假如能完整掌握此資訊，或許能進一步分析當離子液體失去預處理能力時與回收後磷酸鉀溶液是否能轉成厭氧消化的進料物。

摘要(英)

Uncooked food waste is primarily composed of raw fruits and vegetables rich in lignocellulose. This structure can effectively resist pests and diseases in the natural environment, but it can also reduce its potential for biodegradation during anaerobic digestion. The objectives of this study are (i) to examine whether lignin in uncooked food waste can be effectively destroyed by the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl resulting in enhanced methane production in a subsequent anaerobic digestion process, and (ii) to assess whether the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl can be recycled and reused. Results of lignocellulose analysis show that the lignin content in the uncooked food waste samples was generally less than 10%, which is a bit lower than the biomass used for ionic liquids pretreatment in the literature. After ionic liquid pretreatment, the weight of uncooked food waste was lost by about 50%, presumably due to the higher hydrolysis nature of the sample resulting in excessive mass quantity loss during the pretreatment. [Bmim]Cl was recovered in the pretreatment solvent using an aqueous biphasic system, and as the repeat number of [Bmim]Cl recovery and reuse increased, it is observed that the recovery rates decreased, but the lignin dissolution rate and uncooked food waste mass loss rate did not exhibit a distinct pattern. Lignin dissolution was observed for most of the uncooked food waste samples after pretreatment with [Bmim]Cl, except for the third-time [Bmim]Cl pretreatment on the first batch of the collected uncooked food waste samples. Comparing the anaerobic digestion of pretreated and untreated samples, it was found that differences in the cumulative methane production were not significant (p < 0.05 by ANOVA analysis). This might be attributed to the low lignin content of food waste samples that led to similar methane production even without pretreatment. According to the pretreatment experiment, it can be seen that the weight of uncooked food waste will be greatly lost after ionic liquid pretreatment. It is speculated that [Bmim]Cl and potassium phosphate aqueous solution have the potential of anaerobic digestion to produce methane after pretreatment, and combined with COD analysis to determine the dissolved uncooked food waste distribution through the aqueous biphasic systems. The results showed that the two pretreated and recovered solutions could not increase the methane production. The main reason for the research was that the above experiment was not realtime analysis, which caused the two solvents to be used for a long time and the organic matter was consumed.
The results of this study show that pretreatment of uncooked food waste with [Bmim]Cl does not increase the production of anaerobic methane production. However, there are many types of ionic liquids, so continuous testing can be used to find the most efficient and economical method for improving methane production. species. The potassium phosphate solution obtained after pretreatment with [Bmim]Cl and recovery can not be completely ruled out and has no potential for methanogenesis. If this information can be fully grasped, it may be possible to further analyze when the ionic liquid lost pre-treatment capacity and the recovered potassium phosphate solution can be converted into anaerobic digestion of the feed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 離子液體
★ 生廚餘
★ 木質素溶解
★ 厭氧消化
★ 甲烷產量

關鍵字(英)

★ ionic liquids
★ uncooked food waste
★ lignin dissolution
★ anaerobic digestion
★ methane production

論文目次

摘要…………………………………………………………………………….i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………...…..iii
致謝…………………………………………………………………………....v
目錄……………………………………………………………………….…..vi
圖目錄……………………………………………………………….....……..ix
表目錄…………………………………………………………………...…...xii
第一章前言…………………………………………………………………..1
1.1 研究緣起……………………………………………………………...…..1
1.2 研究目的………………………………………………………………….2
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………………………..4
2.1 生廚餘現狀……………………………………………………………….4
2.2 木質纖維素構成之探討………………………………………………….5
2.3 含木質纖維素生質物之預處理………………………………………….8
2.3.1 蒸氣爆炸預處理…………………………………………………..9
2.3.2 生物預處理………………………………………………………..9
2.3.3 物理預處理……………………………………………………....10
2.3.4 化學預處理………………………………………………………11
2.4 離子液體………………………………………………………………...14
2.4.1 基本特性…………………………………………………………14
2.4.2 離子液體對含木質纖維素之生質物之預處理…………………15
2.4.3 經預楚後離子液體之回收方法…………………………………18
2.5 厭氧消化………………………………………………………………...21
2.6 厭氧消化限制因子……………………………………………………...24
2.6.1 溫度………………………………………………………………24
2.6.2 揮發性脂肪酸………………………………………….……...…26
2.6.3 pH…………………………………………………………………26
2.6.4 C/N………………………………………………………………..27
第三章實驗步驟與方法……………………………………………………28
3.1 實驗流程……………………………………………………………...…28
3.2 實驗材料……………………………………………………………...…30
3.3 生廚餘前處理…………………………………………………………...30
3.4 基本特性分析…………………………………………………………...33
3.4.1 水份分析…………………………………………………………33
3.4.2 灰份分析…………………………………………………………33
3.4.3 揮發性固體分析…………………………………………………33
3.4.4 元素分析…………………………………………………………34
3.4.5 COD……………………………………………………………….35
3.4.6 纖維素、半纖維素與木質素分析………………………….…...36
3.5 生廚餘預處理…………………………………………………………...39
3.6 離子液體回收再利用…………………………………………………...41
3.7 生廚餘厭氧消化………………………………………………………...45
3.8 經預處理後離子液體與磷酸鉀水溶液之COD與厭氧消化分析.……48
3.8.1 厭氧消化………………………………………………………….48
3.8.2 COD分析…………………………………………………………50
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………………………51
4.1 生廚餘基本特性分析……………….………………………………......51
4.2 離子液體對生廚餘進行預處理之結果………………………………...53
4.3 厭氧消化結果…………………………………………………………...61
4.3.1 厭氧污泥系統檢測分析………………………………………....61
4.3.2 預處理生廚餘之厭氧消化分析………………………………....65
4.4 經預處理後離子液體與磷酸鉀水溶液之後續分析…………………...77
4.4.1 厭氧消化分析……………………………………………………77
4.4.2 COD分析………………………………………………………....92
第五章結論與建議………………………………………………………....94
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………………...97
5.2 建議……………………………………………………………………...95
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………..96
附錄………………………………………………………………………….108

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指導教授

林居慶(Jyu-Cing Lin)

審核日期

2021-1-26

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