| 摘要(英) |
This study focus on the warm season (May-September) from 2016 to 2020 in recent years to conduct a statistical analysis of the characteristics of the afternoon thunderstorm environment in the central region of Taiwan. This study discuss the impact of different wind fields on the development of afternoon thunderstorms. The northeast wind (NE), east wind (EE), southeast wind (SE), south wind (SS), and southwest wind (SW) prevail in the warm season, respectively on afternoon thunderstorm days (TSA) and non-afternoon thunderstorm days (noTSA). Based on the differences between TSA and noTSA, we conducted environmental field analysis to discussed the environmental characteristics before the occurrence of afternoon thunderstorms and the environmental factors that can be used for forecasting. We hope this study could be benefit to future afternoon convective forecasting in central Taiwan. In this study we use the sounding data from the Magong Station with 00UTC and the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to conduct a comprehensive weather types analysis, as well as the data from the ground station of the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), to examine the temporal and spatial changes of the surface environmental field, and to explore the afternoon thunderstorms environmental characteristics in the central Taiwan.
The results of the study show that the location of the mid-subtropical high will affect the occurrence of afternoon convection. The more the high-pressure ridge extends to the west and the south, the environment in Taiwan tends to be more stable. When Taiwan is on the edge of subtropical high pressure, Taiwan′s environmental instability will be relatively high. Under different synoptic wind fields, the height of the obvious difference in temperature and humidity fields is not the same but affected by the wind direction and intensity of the wind field. The lower and middle environmental conditions of the TSA are warmer and humid, resulting in lower convective inhibition and less external force can reach the level of free convection. Coupled with larger convective available potential energy and precipitable water, makes TSA quite conducive to the development of convective environmental conditions. Near-surface sea breeze transports water vapor, which can be transported to inland areas. When the thermal effect is sufficient, it is easier to turn into clouds and precipitation, and the onshore wind will split into north or south due to the terrain effects on synoptic wind field, resulting in changes in the location of the precipitation hot zone. It shows that the precipitation hot zone is highly related to the influence of terrain effects on the prevailing surface wind field. |
| 參考文獻 |
林熹閔、郭鴻基，1996：1994 年南台灣夏季午後對流之研究，大氣科學，24，249-280。
張惠玲，1997：台灣地區午後對流降水之研究。國立中央大學大氣物理研究所碩士論文，130 頁。
楊姈桂，2000: 台灣地區午後對流降水特性之分析。國立中央大學大氣物理研究所碩士論文，120 頁。
朱瑞鼎，陳昭銘，張家治，「臺南地區弱綜觀天氣之降雨分析」，106年天氣分析與預報研討會，A1-5，交通部中央氣象局，2017。
Akaeda, K., J. Reisner, and Parsons. D., 1994: The role of mesoscale and topographically induced circulations in initiating a flash flood observed during the TAMEX project. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1720-1738.
Banta, R. M., and C. B. Schaaf, 1987: Thunderstorm genesis zones in the Colorado Rocky Mountains as determined by traceback of geosynchronous satellite images. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 463-477.
Chen, T.-C., S.-Y. Wang, and M.-C. Yen, 2007: Enhancement of afternoon thunderstorm activity by urbanization in a valley: Taipei. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1324– 1340
Chen, T.-C., M.-C. Yen, J.-D. Tsay, C.-C. Liao, and E. S. Takle, 2014: Impact of afternoon thunderstorms on the land–sea breeze in the Taipei basin during summer: An experiment. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 1714–1738
Chen, T.-C., J.-D. Tsay, E. S. Takle, 2016: A Forecast Advisory for Afternoon Thunderstorm Occurrence in the Taipei Basin during Summer Developed from Diagnostic Analysis. Wea. Forecasting, 31, 531–552
Hong, S., C. –Y. Hu., F. –S. Weng., 1990: On dynamical studies of orographically induced mesoscale phenomena. Proceeding of the International Conference of East Asian and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate, P. Sham and C. P. Chang, Editors, 313-322, Word Scientific.
____, 1993: An overview of the topographical effects and local circulations. Proceeding International Workshop on Mesoscale Research and Tamex Program Review., April 26-30, 1993, Taipei, p.185.
Huang, W.-R., Y.-H. Chang, C.-T. Cheng, H.-H. Hsu, C.-Y. Tu, and A. Kitoh, 2016: Summer convective afternoon rainfall simulation and projection using WRF driven by global climate model. Part I: Over Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 27, 659–671.
Johnson R. H., and J. F. Bresch, 1991: Diagnosed characteristics of precipitation systems over Taiwan during the May-June 1987 TAMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2540—2557.
Lin, P.-F., P.-L. Chang, B. J.-D. Jou, J. W. Wilson, and R. D. Roberts, 2011: Warm season afternoon thunderstorm characteristics under weak synoptic-scale forcing over Taiwan island. Wea. Forecasting, 26, 44–60.
Lin, P. F., P. L. Chang, B. J.-D. Jou, J. W. Wilson, and R. D. Roberts, 2012: Objective prediction of warm season afternoon thunderstorms in northern Taiwan using a fuzzy logic approach. Wea. Forecasting, 27, 1178–1197.
Reisner, J., and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, 1994: Thermally forced low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 117-133.
Smolarkiewicz, P. K., and R. Rotunno, 1989: Low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically generated lee vortices. J., Atmos. Sci., 46, 1154-1164.
____, and ____, 1990: Low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Part II: Upwind flow reversal zone. J., Atmos. Sci., 47, 1498-1511.
Wang, S., & Chen, T. (2008). Measuring East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Contributions by Different Weather Systems over Taiwan, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47, 2068-2080. |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit