| 論文目次 |
摘 要 I
Abstract II
謝 誌 IV
目錄 V
List of Schemes XII
List of Figures XV
List of Tables XVII
附錄目錄 XVIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 有機太陽能電池之前言 2
1-2 有機太陽能電池的發展 3
1-2-1 矽晶太陽能電池 6
1-2-2 無機化合物半導體太陽能電池 6
1-2-3 有機太陽能電池 7
1-3 有機光伏打電池之元件結構 8
1-3-1 雙層式異質接面 (Bilayer heterojunction, PHJ) 9
1-3-2 體異質接面 (Bulk heterojunction, BHJ) 9
1-3-3 串聯結構 10
1-4 有機光伏打電池之運作原理 10
1-4-1 光激發 (Optical absorption) 11
1-4-2 激子擴散與分離 (Exction diffusion and dissociation) 12
1-4-3 電荷傳輸 (Charge transfer) 12
1-4-4 電荷收集 (Charge collection) 13
1-5 有機光伏打電池參數介紹 14
1-5-1 J-V 曲線 15
1-5-2 短路電流 (Short circuit current, JSC) 16
1-5-3 開路電壓 (Open circuit voltage, VOC) 16
1-5-4 外部量子效率 (Eternal quantum efficiency, EQE) 17
1-5-5 填充因子 (Fill factor, FF) 17
1-5-6 能量轉換效率 (Power conversion efficiency, η) 18
1-6 富勒烯與非富勒烯受體 18
1-6-1非富勒烯稠環電子受體 20
1-7 有機光伏打電池材料 20
1-7-1 P-type 有機光伏打材料 21
1-7-2 N-type 有機光伏打材料 24
1-8 有機薄膜電晶體之前言 29
1-9 有機薄膜電晶體結構 30
1-9-1 基板 (Substrate) 30
1-9-2 絕緣層 (Insulator) 31
1-9-3 有機半導體層 (Organic Semiconductor) 31
1-9-4閘極 (Gate)、源極 (Source)、汲極 (Drain) 32
1-10 有機薄膜電晶體之元件結構 32
1-11 有機薄膜電晶體之工作原理 33
1-12 有機薄膜電晶體傳導機制 34
1-13 有機薄膜電晶體材料排列方式 35
1-13-1分子結晶度 35
1-13-2 有機半導體分子排列模式 36
1-14 有機薄膜電晶體材料 38
1-14-1 P-type 有機薄膜電晶體材料 38
1-14-2 N-type 有機薄膜電晶體材料 40
1-15 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的發展 42
1-15-1 基本構造 43
1-15-2 工作原理 46
1-15-3 電洞傳輸層 47
1-16 研究動機與目的 48
1-16-1有機光伏打電池材料 48
1-16-2 有機薄膜電晶體材料 (OTFT) 51
1-16-3 電洞傳輸層材料 (HTL) 53
第二章 實驗部份 55
2-1 化合物名稱對照 56
2-2 實驗藥品 59
2-2-1 實驗所用之化學藥品 59
2-2-2 實驗所用之溶劑除水方式 61
2-3 實驗儀器 62
2-4 合成步驟 65
2-4-1 2-Hexylundecan-1-amine (15) 之合成 65
2-4-2 2-Octyldodecan -1-amine (18) 之合成 67
2-4-3 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (19, IN) 之合成 69
2-4-4 2-(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1- ylidene)malononitrile (20, INCl) 之合成 69
2-4-5 3,3′-Dibromo-2,2′-bithiophene (21) 之合成 70
2-4-6 2,6-Dibromo-4-(2-hexyldecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b: 2′,3′-d] pyrrole (23) 之合成 71
2-4-7 2,6-Dibromo-4-(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-dithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (25) 之合成 73
2-4-8 3-(Octylthio)thiophene (27) 之合成 75
2-4-9 Trimethyl(3-(octylthio)thiophen-2-yl)stannane (29) 之合成 76
2-4-10 4-(2-hexyldecyl)-2,6-bis(3-(octylthio)thiophen-2-yl)-4H-dithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (30, TSDTP-b16)之合成 78
2-4-11 4-(2-octyldodecyl)-2,6-bis(3-(octylthio)thiophen-2-yl)-4H-dithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (32,TSDTP-b20) 之合成 79
2-4-13 5,5′-(4-(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-2,6-diyl) bis(4-(octylthio)thiophene-2- carbaldehyde) (33) 之合成 81
2-4-14 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((4-(2-hexyldecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole- 2,6-diyl)bis(4-(octylthio)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro- 1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (1, IN-TSDTP-b16) 之合成 82
2-4-15 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((4-(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole- 2,6-diyl)bis(4-(octylthio)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (2, IN-TSDTP-b20) 之合成 84
2-4-16 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((4-(2-hexyldecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole -2,6-diyl)bis(4-(octylthio)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (3, INCl-TSDTP-b16) 之合成 85
2-4-17 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((4-(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole- 2,6-diyl)bis(4-(octylthio)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (3, INCl-TSDTP-b20) 之合成 86
2-4-18 4,4′-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole] -6,6′-dicarbaldehyde (35) 之合成 88
2-4-19 4,4′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno [3,2-b: 2′,3′-d]pyrrole]-6,6′-dicarbaldehyde (37) 之合成 90
2-4-20 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((4,4′-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole]-6,6′-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (5, IN-BDTP-b16) 之合成 92
2-4-21 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((4,4′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole]-6,6′-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(6, IN-BDTP-b20) 之合成 93
2-4-22 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((4,4′-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole]-6,6′-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (7, INCl-BDTP-b16) 之合成 94
2-4-23 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((4,4′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H,4′H-[2,2′-bidithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole]-6,6′-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (8, INCl-BDTP-b20) 之合成 95
2-4-24 (E)-2,2′-(4,4′-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-[2,2′-bidithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrolylidene] -6,6′(4H,4′H)-diylidene)dimalononitrile (9, BDTPQ-b16) 之合成 96
2-4-25 (4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-(tributyl stannyl)phenyl)aniline (40, TPA-SnBu3) 之合成 98
2-4-26 2,6-Dibromo-4-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-dithieno [3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (42) 之合成 100
2-4-27 4,4′-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-2,6-diyl)bis (N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (10, DTP-2D-b8) 之合成 102
2-4-28 4,4′-(4-(2-hexyldecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-2,6-diyl)bis (N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (11, DTP-2D-b16) 之合成 103
2-4-29 4,4′-(4-(2-octyldecyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-2,6-diyl) bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (12, DTP-2D-b20) 之合成 104
第三章 結果與討論 105
3-1 有機半導體材料之光學性質探討 106
3-1-1 UV 光學性質探討 106
3-1-2 有機光伏打電池電池材料 (OPVs) 106
3-1-3 有機薄膜電晶體材料 (OTFT) 109
3-1-4 電洞傳輸層材料 (HTL) 110
3-2 有機半導體材料之電化學性質探討 111
3-2-1 DPV 電化學性質探討 111
3-2-2 有機光伏打電池電池材料 (OPVs) 112
3-2-3 有機薄膜電晶體材料 (OTFT) 114
3-2-4 電洞傳輸層材料 (HTL) 114
3-3 有機半導體材料之熱穩定性分析 117
第四章 結論 119
參考文獻 122
附錄 129 |
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