寬能隙氮化物半導體裡的自由電洞

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姓名

張雅茜(Ya-Chien Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

寬能隙氮化物半導體裡的自由電洞
(Free Holes in Wide-bandgap Nitride Semiconductors)

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摘要(中)

深紫外發光二極體(deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, DUV LEDs, 波長 ≤ 290 nm)需要高穿透、高導電的P型寬能隙半導體，才能發出更多的DUV光子。目前，多數團隊使用氮化鎵(GaN)或氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)作為P型接觸層。然而，GaN的能隙(3.4 eV)太小，會吸收波長短於 360 nm 的深紫外光；AlGaN雖然能隙較大(3.4-6.1 eV)，可減緩吸光，但是卻有低導電的問題。為了解決穿透率與導電度之間的兩難，我們嘗試以高能隙、高導電的N型 AlGaN (n-AlGaN)，利用在 n-AlGaN/Ni 介面形成的二維電洞氣(Two-dimensional hole gas, 2DHG)，來製作高穿透、高導電的P型接觸層。
在本研究中，我們還以Ni/Al取代Ni/Au、Ti/Al取代Ti/Au。我們利用高真空電子束暨熱阻式蒸鍍系統 (E-gun/Thermal)，在n-AlGaN磊晶層上蒸鍍不同的金屬電極，比較其光電特性。根據霍爾量測的結果，鍍上Ni/Al的N型Al0.3Ga0.7N可產生穩定的電洞訊號，且電洞遷移率可達10.4 cm2/V•s。由於Ni/Al在N型半導體表面會形成蕭特基介面，可累積高濃度的電洞，從而形成2DHG。我們也將2DHG的技術應用在n-Al0.7Ga0.3N/MQW的結構上，利用電激發得到 330 nm 的紫外光訊號。未來，我們將持續優化Ni/Al的製程條件，希望能有效提升DUV LED的發光效率。

摘要(英)

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs, λ ≤ 290 nm) require high-transparent and high-conductive p-type semiconductor to produce adequate photons. P-type gallium nitride (p-GaN) or aluminum gallium nitride (p-AlGaN) are currently the most used contact layer for p-type electrodes. Nevertheless, p-GaN suffers severe UV absorption owing to her small bandgap (3.4 eV). Although the absorption issue can be alleviated by p-AlGaN with larger bandgaps (3.4-6.1eV), increasing the aluminum content in p-AlGaN leads to low conductivity. To circumvent the trade-off between transparency and conductivity faced by p-AlGaN, we propose a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) induced at the n-AlGaN/Ni interface.

In this study, the p-type metal electrodes of Ni/Au and Ti/Au were replaced with Ni/Al and Ti/Al. In order to evaluate the electrical properties, the Al-based alloy was deposited by a high-vacuum electron-beam/thermal evaporation. We obtained the hole mobility of 10.4 cm2/V•s and a stable hole concentration, by the Hall measurement performed on the Al/Ni/n-Al0.3Ga0.7N structure. The result was attributed to the Schottky contact formed at the Ni/n-AlGaN interface, whose upward band bending traps high concentration of free holes. We also grew the 2DHG structure on an AlGaN-based quantum wells and obtained a 330 nm emission peak in electroluminescence spectra. The concept presented in this study has the potential to enhance the external quantum efficiency of DUV LEDs.

關鍵字(中)

★ 自由電洞
★ 二維電洞氣
★ N型半導體

關鍵字(英)

★ free holes
★ two dimensional hole gas
★ 2DHG
★ N-type semiconductor

論文目次

論文摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 P型氮化物的優勢及頻頸 1
1.3 研究動機 5
1.4章節架構 8
第二章實驗原理、步驟與儀器 10
2.1模擬軟體介紹及流程 10
2.2實驗流程 11
2.3儀器介紹 14
2.3.1 高真空電子束暨熱阻式蒸鍍機(E-gun&Thermal) 14
2.3.2 快速退火爐(ARTs-RTA) 15
2.4二維電洞氣(Two-dimensional hole gas) 16
2.5霍爾量測技術原理 17
2.6范德堡法(Van der Pauw method) 18
第三章結果分析與討論 22
3.1 金屬電極材料對載子濃度之影響 22
3.2在量子井上的表現 26
3.2.1 p-BN在量子井上的表現(MO5503) 26
3.2.2p-GaN在量子井上的表現(MO5477) 28
3.2.3不同N-type window layer在量子井上的表現 29
3.2.3.1 n-Al0.7Ga0.3N 在量子井上的表現(MO5484) 31
第四章結論與未來瞻望 34
4.1結論 34
4.2未來瞻望 35

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指導教授

賴昆佑(Kun-Yu Lai)

審核日期

2021-7-21

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