以衛星觀測資料估計印尼馬魯古省Dullah Laut海床生態系之碳庫存量

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拉荷妤(Hesti Aprilianti Rahayu Setiadi) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

以衛星觀測資料估計印尼馬魯古省Dullah Laut海床生態系之碳庫存量
(Carbon Stock Estimation over Seagrass Ecosystem Using Satellite Observation in Dullah Laut, Maluku Indonesia)

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摘要(中)

全球暖化和氣候變遷是目前國際上最急迫且重要的議題，大氣中溫室氣體(GHG)因為人類活動，特別是二氧化碳(CO2)的增加導致地球溫度之升高與暖化。另一方面，沿海生態系統之一的海草的碳庫存量是陸地森林的兩倍，或可有效地減緩二氧化碳的含量。然而，目前海草以每年2-5%的速率正逐漸消失中（Duarte et al. 2008），有統計以來，全球大約有 29% 的海草生態系統已經消失。如果以目前這樣的速度繼續下去，估計下個世紀會有30-40% 的海草消失（Pendleton et al., 2012）。海草面臨的主要威脅包括森林砍伐以及污染所導致的水質惡化。與此同時，由於未經調查的地理區域 (如東南亞)，含有廣大的海草草原，導致目前的認知與實際上情形仍有很大的差距。因此，空間資訊的取得對於環境管理計畫就顯得非常重要。本研究透過Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS進行影像分類並分析海草生態系統，進而估計馬魯古 Dullah Laut 的碳庫存量。結果顯示，研究區域的海草覆蓋面積為 557.91 公頃，地上、地下、沉積物和碳封存能力分別估計為每年0.15 - 0.20 ktC、0.37-0.44 ktC、311.509 ktC 和 0.003 - 0.005 MtC。深度不變指數修正後準確率從86.11%提高到87.76%，提高了1.67%。結果也表明，印度尼西亞的海草區具有抵消氣候變化負面影響的潛力。此外，維護沿海生態系統對於長期碳封以維持環境穩定來說是個重要的議題。

摘要(英)

Global warming and climate change are the emerging issues around the world currently. This phenomenon caused by the increase of the greenhouse gases (GHG) especially carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere that causes the rising temperature of the earth system further resulted in global warming and climate change. One of coastal ecosystems, on the other hand, seagrass ecosystems can store up to twice carbon than terrestrial forests in reducing carbon dioxide. However, the annual loss of seagrass 2-5% per year (Duarte et. al. 2008) and approximately 29% of historical global seagrass ecosystem have been lost. If these trends continue at the current rates, a further 30-40% of seagrass could be lost in the next century (Pendleton et al. 2012). Major threats to seagrass included degradation of water quality due to anthropogenic activities, deforestation and pollution. Meanwhile, knowledge gaps still exist in term of geographical extent for areas containing seagrass meadow because of unsurvey (e.g. Southeast Asia). Hence, the availability of spatial information becomes very important for planning environment-based management. Therefore, this research focus on analyzing seagrass ecosystems using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery through image classification and estimated the carbon stock in Dullah Laut, Maluku. The result shows seagrass in the studied area is covering 557.91 ha with the carbon stock estimate above, below ground, sediment and carbon sequestration capacity of ca. 0.15 - 0.20 ktC, 0.37-0.44 ktC, 311.509 ktC and 0.003 – 0.005 MtC/year respectively and the accuracy increase by 1.67% after Depth Invariant Index correction from 86.11% to 87.76%. It also indicated that the seagrass area in Indonesia has potential to offset the negative impact of climate change. Furthermore, to maintain the coastal ecosystem is a critical issue for the long-term carbon sinks to sustain the sustainability of environment.

關鍵字(中)

★ 海草
★ 碳儲量
★ Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS
★ 遙感探測
★ 深度不變指數

關鍵字(英)

★ Carbon Stock
★ Depth Invariant Index
★ Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS
★ Remote Sensing
★ Seagrass

論文目次

Table of Contents
摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgments iii
Chapter I : Introduction 1
1-1 Background and the issued of carbon stock in seagrass ecosystem 1
1-2 Research Problem and Objectives 3
1-3 Thesis Outline 4
Chapter II : Literature Review 5
2-1 Seagrass Ecosystem in Indonesia 5
2-2 Carbon Stock in seagrass ecosystem 6
2-3 IPCC Carbon Stock Inventory in Seagrass Ecosystem 8
2-4-1 Landsat Imagery 10
2-4-2 Application of Landsat images for Mapping Seagrass 21
Chapter III : Materials and Methodology 23
3-1 Study Area 23
3-2 Dataset 24
3-3 Image Processing 25
3-3-1 Pre-Processing 25
3-3-2 Image Classification 28
3-3-3 Accuracy Assessment 28
Chapter IV: Result and Discussion 30
4-1 Sampling for sea truth 30
4-2 Image Processing of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS 30
4-3 Image Classification 32
4-4 Accuracy assessment analysis result 37
4-5 Carbon Stock Estimation 38
Chapter V : Conclusion 42
5-1 Conclusions 42
5-3 Limitation and Future Works 44
Reference 45
Appendix 52

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指導教授

林唐煌(Tang-Huang Lin)

審核日期

2021-7-27

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