牽牛花果蠅和高山果蠅體型大小與環境因子和體色之間的相關性

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林毓瑋(Yu-Wei Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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生命科學系

論文名稱

牽牛花果蠅和高山果蠅體型大小與環境因子和體色之間的相關性
(Body size correlating to environmental factors and body color in Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola)

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摘要(中)

動物的體型大小以及不同身體部位的異速生長會受到許多的環境因子所影響而能當成是適應當地環境後的結果，且這些因子也同時去影響其他的性狀，像是身體表皮顏色。在本篇論文以牽牛花果蠅和高山果蠅兩姊妹物種為研究對象，利用翅膀長度、翅膀寬度、前足腿節長度和前足脛節長度等四項測量值作為體型大小指標，探討兩物種自然族群的體型大小之差異、地理分布和遺傳性。兩種物種在不同的族群都有體型大小的區別，在台灣的黑色體色牽牛花果蠅體型比在爪哇與蘇門答臘的棕色牽牛花果蠅大，而大致上分佈於較高緯度、較高海拔地區的族群有較大的體型。此外我們也發現到的翅膀的比例(翅膀長/翅膀寬)的變化程度比前足的比例(腿節/脛節)的變化程度小，可能維持翅膀的形狀對他們來說比較重要。另外我們發現到飼養在實驗室的單雌品系也有體型大小的差異，顯示他們為了適應不同的野外環境而在基因背景上已有所差異。並且我們發現到體型大小和體色有關聯，代表控制這兩個性狀的遺傳因子可能有遺傳連鎖或是基因多效性。

摘要(英)

Body size and allometry of body parts in animals are subjected to both environmental perturbation and natural selection for local adaptation, and also interplay with other traits, such as body color. Here, we used Drosophila elegans, which exhibits black or brown color morphs in the north and south of its species range, and Drosophila gunungcola, which exhibits black color morphs, as models to study the relationship between local environment and body size, measured by several body length parameters (wings length, wings width, femur length, and tibia length). Significant variations in body size were found in the natural populations in both species. In D. elegans, black-morphed flies exhibiting from Taiwan are larger than brown-morphed flies from Java and Sumatra. Overall, the body size of populations from higher latitude or higher elevation were found to be larger. Also, we found that the wing ratio (wing length/wing width) is less variable than the foreleg ratio (femur/tibia), suggesting that the maintenance of certain wing shape is more important. In addition, the body size of isofemale lines are significantly variable, indicating that both the genetic and environmental variations contribute to the body size variation found in natural populations. Furthermore, the body color and body size in recombinant inbred lines of D. elegans were found to genetically correlated, suggesting that these two traits may be influenced by closely-linked or pleiotropic genes.

關鍵字(中)

★ 牽牛花果蠅
★ 高山果蠅
★ 體型大小
★ 體色
★ 環境因子
★ 遺傳連鎖

關鍵字(英)

★ Drosophila elegans
★ Drosophila gunungcola
★ body size
★ body color
★ environmental factors
★ genetic linkage

論文目次

中文摘要……………………………...…………………………………..i
英文摘要..…………………………………………………….………….ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………...iii
目錄…...…………………………………………………………………iv
圖目錄………………………………………………………...…………vi
表目錄……………………………………………………….………….vii
第一章、緒論………………………….………………....…………1
1.1 在自然環境影響體型大小的因素…………….……………..1
1.2 體色和體型大小的相關性…………………………………...2
1.3 牽牛花果蠅Drosophila elegans及高山果蠅Drosophila gunungcola……………………………………………………3
1.4 研究動機和目的……………………………………………...4
第二章、材料與方法…………………………………………...…..6
2.1牽牛花果蠅和高山果蠅的野外採集…………..………..……6
2.2 實驗室品系和培養環境…………..……………………….…6
2.3 建立不同體色的重組自交品系(recombinant inbred line, RIL)………………………………………………………………..7
2.4不同體色的牽牛花果蠅品系雜交…………………...……….7
2.5 果蠅體型大小測量……………………………………...……8
2.6 統計方法……………………………………………………...8
第三章、結果 …………………………………………………….10
3.1 野外族群體型大小變異情況…………………….…………10
3.1.1 牽牛花果蠅……………………………………………..10
3.1.2 高山果蠅………………………………………………..10
3.2野外族群體型大小差異……………………………………..10
3.2.1 牽牛花果蠅野外族群體型大小差異…………………..10
3.2.2 高山果蠅野外族群體型大小差異……………………..13
3.3 單雌品系(isofemale lines)體型大小差異……………..……14
3.4翅膀長寬比與前足脛腿節長度比差異.………………….....14
3.5 體型大小和身體顏色差異的遺傳相關性…………..……...15
3.5.1繼代培養的牽牛花果蠅體型大小差異和野外的不同...15
3.5.2 重組自交品系間體色和體型大小的差異……………..15
3.6 自交品系體型大小變異性較親代品系低….……………....16
第四章、討論……………………………………………………...18
4.1 前足比例的變化程度較大，而翅膀比例變化程度較小.....18
4.2在野外的牽牛花果蠅的體型大小會受到地理環境影響…..19
4.3養在實驗室的單雌品系間仍有體型大小差異……………..19
4.4實驗室的品系體型大小和野外觀察到的相反…………..…19
4.5 重組自交品系的體型大小…………………….…………....20
第五章、結論………………………………………..…………….22
第六章、參考文獻………………………………………………...23
附錄、果蠅採集時間及地點資訊.…………………………….….54

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陳期揚 (2020)。探討體色與翅班對於牽牛花果蠅性選擇的影響.。國立中央大學生命科學系碩士論文，桃園市。

指導教授

葉淑丹(Shu-Dan Yeh)

審核日期

2022-1-26

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