颱風條件下白帽覆蓋率之推算：以颱風杜鵑（2015）為例

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阮梁清海(Luong Thanh Hang Nguyen) 查詢紙本館藏

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水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

颱風條件下白帽覆蓋率之推算：以颱風杜鵑（2015）為例
(ON THE DETERMINATION OF WHITECAP COVERAGE UNDER TYPHOON CONDITION: A CASE STUDY OF TYPHOON DUJUAN (2015))

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摘要(中)

波浪破裂引起的白浪對海洋過程很重要，包括波浪增長限制、湍流、界面區域的海洋-大氣相互作用。本研究提出了一種利用白帽耗散和斷裂波峰長度理論的數值估計來估計颱風條件下白帽覆蓋率（WCC）的方法。結果，模擬的 WCC 在強風條件下飽和。WCC-颱風內部的風速關係存在較大的空間變異性。 WCC 最小值出現在颱風中心的平靜風區，而大約 30% 的最高 WCC 值分佈在風速為 50m/s 的颱風眼牆附近。颱風杜娟四個像限的比較表明，颱風杜娟左後象限的WCC在20-30m/s的中等風速下最高，從10%增加到20%，波浪非常年輕和陡峭。在 30m/s 風速下，右後象限為 18%，左前象限為 17%，右前象限為 14%，以下排名下降。在颱風眼牆較大40m/s的極端風速下，WCC飽和度為60%，最高的尾部為右後象限。斷裂強度參數 b 在我們的估計中起著至關重要的作用，可以將其視為常數或函數。應用b作為波浪陡度的函數使得WCC在寬風速範圍內的聚類更加緊密，而b的常數提供了與經驗模型相似的WCC-風速趨勢，並且b = 0.04是一個合適的常數。

摘要(英)

Wave breaking-induced whitecaps are critical to oceanic processes that include wave growth limitation, turbulence, and oceanic-atmosphere interaction in the interfacial region. This study proposes a method for the estimate of the whitecap coverage (WCC) under typhoon conditions by using numerical estimates of white-capping dissipation and breaking crest length theory. As a result, the simulated WCC saturates under strong wind conditions. There is a large spatial variability of the WCC – wind speed relationship inside the typhoon. The minimum WCC values are found in the calm wind regions of the typhoon center, while the highest WCC values of approximately 30% are distributed near the typhoon eyewall with strong winds of 50 m/s. The comparison among four quadrants of Typhoon Dujuan shows the WCC in the rear-left quadrant of Typhoon Dujuan is highest under moderate winds of 20 - 30 m/s, increasing from 10% to 20%, where waves are very young and steep. The following rankings descend for the rear-right quadrant of 18%, front-left quadrant of 17%, and front-right quadrant of 14% at 30 m/s wind speed. Under extreme wind speed of larger than 40 m/s in the typhoon eyewall, the WCC saturates at 60%, and the highest tail is for the rear-right quadrant. The breaking strength parameter b plays a crucial role in our estimates which could be treated as a constant or a function. The application of b as a function of wave steepness brings a tighter clustering of WCC over the wide range of wind speed, while the constant of b provides a similar trend of WCC-wind speed the with the empirical model, and b = 0.04 is an appropriate constant.

關鍵字(中)

★ 白帽覆蓋
★ 白帽消散
★ 颱風動力學

關鍵字(英)

★ Whitecap coverage
★ white-capping dissipation
★ typhoon dynamics

論文目次

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
ABSTRACT CHINESE ii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Literature Review 3
1.2.1 The role of whitecaps in the air-sea interaction 3
1.2.2 Measurements of whitecap coverage 4
1.2.3 Estimations of whitecap coverage 6
1.2.4 Wind wave characteristics under typhoon condition 9
1.3 Research aims 11
CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12
2.1 Data sources 12
2.1.1 Wind data 12
2.1.2 Directional wave spectrum 13
2.1.3 Sea salt aerosol reanalysis data 16
2.2 Estimations of whitecap coverage from wave dissipation 18
2.2.1 Dissipation term 18
2.2.2 Moments of the breaking crest length 23
2.2.3 Determination of whitecap coverage 24
2.2.4 Discussion on the breaking strength parameter 25
CHAPTER III RESULT AND DISCUSSION 29
3.1 Simulations of typhoon waves 29
3.1.1 Wind 29
3.1.2 Wave 30
3.2 Whitecap coverage in Typhoon Dujuan 34
3.2.1 Parameter b as a constant 34
3.2.2 Parameter b as a function of wave slope 42
3.3 Comparison with wave age and wave steepness 45
3.4 Validation using sea salt aerosol concentration 46
3.5 Whitecap coverage in four quadrants 47
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION 53
REFERENCES 55

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