類 Locusbots 系統之 揀貨區域 AGV 選取問題研究

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張凱崴(Kai-Wei Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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類 Locusbots 系統之揀貨區域 AGV 選取問題研究

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摘要(中)

網路購物，是一個新型的消費型態，以消費者的角度來說其優點為不受時間地點限制，可隨時的消費；對於業者來說可以省去開設店面的租金等而外支出，使商品價錢更具競爭力。由於上述原因，近年來消費型態漸漸從實體店面轉向電商平台。購物型態的改變，也考驗著整個物流系統的產能及效率，除此之外，為了滿足即吸引消費者，電商平台近年紛紛來祭出許多方法，像是24小時內及時送達或是6小時內送達北北基桃等策略來吸引顧客，也就因為如此，除了物流中心的產能及效率之外，快速反應消費者的需求也已是物流中心必備的條件。
類Locusbots系統，是一個使用動態路徑規劃的新型揀貨系統，可快速更新環境資訊並找出可行路徑，有效避開障礙物，讓系統揀貨行走路線較為順暢；也能夠因應網購淡季旺季最有效的模式(可以隨時擴展及減縮)，除此之外，類Locusbots系統，一個人負責一個揀貨區域，可以減少工作環境中，揀貨人員之間的接觸；人員在倉庫中不需要到處走動，只要負責自己的區域即可；人員只需要熟悉該區域的產品，並不會接觸其他區域；可以減少傳統物流中心所需要的人力。
在「類Locusbots系統」中，需要考慮的揀貨流程可分為三部分，第一部分為將訂單分配給無人搬運車，使無人搬運車得以進入物流中心進行揀貨；第二部分為指派無人搬運車前往揀貨區域，進行訂單中品項揀貨；第三部分為無人搬運車抵達揀貨區域時，進入等候線要選擇哪一台無人搬運車進入揀貨區進行揀貨作業。
基於上述原因，本研究將針對「類Locusbots系統」中的揀貨策略進行研究，以「揀貨區域選取AGV」為主要研究議題，並搭配「訂單選取」，「派車法則」共同探討，找出最適合的揀貨策略搭配，並期望透過完整的模擬實驗與績效分析，增加對此類問題的了解，對未來的類似研究，也將有相對之貢獻。

摘要(英)

Online shopping is a new type of consumption. Its advantages are that it is not limited by time and place, and can be consumed at any time. Due to the above reasons, consumption patterns have gradually shifted from physical stores to e-commerce platforms in recent years. Changes in shopping patterns also test the production capacity and efficiency of the entire logistics system. In addition, in order to satisfy and attract consumers, e-commerce platforms have come up with many methods in recent years, such as timely delivery within 24 hours or 6 hours to attract customers. Because of this, In addition to the capacity and efficiency of the logistics center, rapid response to consumer demand is also a must for the logistics center.
The Locusbots system is a new type of picking system using dynamic path planning, which can quickly update environmental information and find feasible paths, effectively avoid obstacles, and make the system routes smoother; It can also be expanded and contracted at any time. In addition, one person is responsible for one picking area, which can reduce the contact between picking personnel in the working environment; personnel do not need to move around in the warehouse, only responsible for their own area is enough; the personnel only need to be familiar with their own picking area; it can reduce the manpower required by the traditional logistics center.
In the "Locusbots system", the picking process can be considered in three parts. The first part is to assign orders to AGV, so that the AGV can enter the logistics center for picking; the second part is to dispatching AGV. The AGV goes to the picking area to pick the items ; the third part is about when AGV arrives, which AGV should be selected into the picking area .
This research mainly discusses the "Locusbots system", with "Selecting AGV in the picking area", "order selection" and "dispatching rules". It is hoped that through complete simulation experiments and performance analysis, the understanding of such problems will be increased, and similar research will be made in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 無人搬運車派車
★ 訂單選取
★ 揀貨區域 AGV 選取
★ Locusbots 系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Centre
★ Order selection
★ Picking Area Selecting AGV
★ Dispatching
★ Locusbots system

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 論文架構 6
第二章文獻探討 9
2.1 LOCUSBOTS系統 9
2.1.1 Locusbots 系統環境與作業流程 15
2.2 倉儲規劃(WAREHOUSE PLANNING) 17
2.2.1 倉儲設計（Warehouse design） 17
2.2.2 走道設計（Aisle design） 22
2.3 訂單揀貨規劃（ORDER PICKING PLANNING） 26
2.3.1 揀貨政策（Picking policy） 26
2.3.2 路徑策略（Routing strategy） 30
2.4 AGV派車法則( AGV DISPATCHING RULES) 37
第三章研究方法 41
3.1 問題說明 41
3.2 方法架構與流程 41
3.3 訂單選取法則 43
3.3.1 隨機揀取 43
3.3.2 漸增權重懲罰值最小 43
3.3.2.1 範例說明 44
3.4 揀貨區域選取AGV法則(揀貨區域優先處理哪一台AGV) 46
3.4.1 隨機 AGV 選取法則 47
3.4.2 最少剩餘揀貨區域法則 47
3.4.2.1 範例說明 47
3.4.3 最早到期時間法則 49
3.4.3.1 範例說明 49
3.4.4 該 Zone 等候時間最久法則 49
3.4.4.1 範例說明 50
3.4.5 最少寬鬆時間法 50
3.4.5.1 範例說明 50
3.4.6 最少剩餘揀貨品項數法 51
3.4.6.1 範例說明 51
3.4.7 在系統停留時間最久法 52
3.4.7.1 範例說明 52
3.5 派車法則(選擇揀貨區域) 53
3.5.1 隨機派車 53
3.5.2 最短行走距離法則 53
3.5.2.1 範例說明 54
第四章模擬實驗與分析 55
4.1 模擬實驗設計 55
4.1.1 模擬實驗設計 55
4.1.2 實驗訂單設定 57
4.1.3 揀貨環境假設 57
4.1.4 實驗因子組合 58
4.2 績效評估指標 59
4.3 統計分析 60
4.3.1 分析說明 60
4.3.2 依「揀貨系統總執行時間（TST）」為績效評估指標 60
4.3.2.1 個別因子之說明（依TST績效值） 62
4.3.2.2 不同因子交互作用之說明（依 TST 績效值） 66
4.3.2.3 最佳因子組合與績效 75
4.3.3 依「在系統內時間( TIS )」為績效評估指標 78
4.3.3.1 個別因子之說明（依TIS績效值） 80
4.3.3.2 不同因子交互作用之說明（依 TIS 績效值） 84
4.3.3.3 最佳因子組合與績效 92
4.4 實驗結論 95
第五章研究結論與建議 99
5.1 研究結論 99
5.2 未來研究建議 100
參考文獻 102
中文文獻 102
英文文獻 103

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指導教授

何應欽

審核日期

2022-7-21

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