類Locusbots系統之揀貨派車問題研究

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林家慈(Jia-Ci Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

類Locusbots系統之揀貨派車問題研究

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摘要(中)

近年來，由於資訊科技的發達與網路的普及，促使電子商務的興起，網路購物成為消費者主流的購物方式，為了及時因應消費者的需求，勢必要加快到貨的速度，因而增加物流中心的處理難度與作業量，對揀貨作業影響甚是明顯。為了增加物流中心的揀貨效率，同時降低人力成本，許多自動化系統在近幾年陸續被提出。企業紛紛投資其物流中心來強化其物流能力，讓物流中心提供快速且完善的物流服務給消費者。
「類Locusbots系統」利用動態路徑規劃，具有揀貨行走路線流暢的優點，能夠迅速更新揀貨環境資訊，並因應各種情況，規劃最有利的揀貨路徑。揀貨員各自負責一個揀貨區域，無人搬運車將揀貨箱運送至揀貨員面前，讓揀貨員進行揀貨作業。揀貨員無需到處走動，消除揀貨員非生產性的行走時間，揀貨員只需熟悉負責的揀貨區域的產品，能夠更專注的進行揀貨作業，提升揀貨員的生產力；有效因應銷售的淡旺季，應對訂單的彈性變化，進行Locusbots的擴展和縮減，降低人力成本，提高揀貨的準確率。
「類Locusbots系統」的揀貨流程主要分為三個部分。第一部分，將訂單分配給無人搬運車，作為無人搬運車進入物流中心揀貨依據；第二部分，將無人搬運車派車至揀貨區域，進行訂單揀貨作業；第三部分，無人搬運車抵達揀貨區域等候線上，揀貨區域選擇哪一台無人搬運車，進入揀貨區域進行揀貨作業。
基於上述原因，本研究將針對「類Locusbots系統」中的揀貨策略進行研究，以派車法則作為主體，同時考慮訂單選取法則、揀貨區域選擇AGV法則，期望透過完整的模擬實驗與績效分析，增加對此類問題的了解，對未來的類似研究，也將有相對之貢獻。

摘要(英)

The Locusbots system uses dynamic path planning, which has the advantage of smooth picking routes, can quickly update picking environment information, and plan the most favorable picking paths according to various situations. The pickers are each responsible for a picking area, and the AGV transports the picking box to the picker, allowing the picker to carry out the picking operation. The picker does not need to walk around, eliminating the unproductive walking time. The picker only needs to be familiar with the products in the responsible picking area, and can focus more on the picking operation and improve the productivity; effective response in the off-peak season of sales, in response to the elastic changes of orders, the expansion and reduction of Locusbots will be carried out to reduce labor costs and improve the accuracy of picking.
The picking process of the Locusbots system is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is to assign the order to the AGV, as the basis for the AGV to enter the logistics center for picking; the second part, the AGV is sent to the picking area for order picking; the third part, the AGV arrive at the picking area and wait on the line, choose which AGV in the picking area, and enter the picking area to carry out the picking operation.
Based on the above reasons, this study will focus on the picking strategy in the Locusbots system, with the dispatching rule as the main body, and the order selection rule and the picking area selection AGV rule at the same time.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 無人搬運車
★ 派車法則
★ 揀貨區域選擇AGV 法則
★ 訂單選取法則

關鍵字(英)

★ logistics center
★ AGV
★ dispatching rules
★ picking area selection AGV rules
★ order selection rules

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 論文架構 5
第二章文獻探討 7
2.1 類Locusbots系統 7
2.1.1 Locusbots 機器介紹 8
2.1.2 Locusbots 系統環境與作業流程 11
2.2 物流（Logistics） 13
2.2.3 物流的定義（Logistics definition） 14
2.2.4 物流中心（Distribution center） 16
2.3 倉儲規劃（Warehouse design） 20
2.3.1 倉儲設計（Warehouse design） 20
2.3.2 走道設計（Aisle design） 25
2.4 訂單揀貨規劃（Order picking planning） 30
2.4.1 揀貨政策（Picking policy） 30
2.4.2 路徑策略（Routing strategy） 35
2.5 AGV派車法則（AGV Dispatching Rule） 43
第三章研究方法 47
3.1 問題說明 47
3.2 方法架構與流程 47
3.3 訂單選取問題 49
3.3.1 隨機選取法 50
3.3.2 漸增權重懲罰值最小法 50
3.4 揀貨區域選擇AGV問題 52
3.4.1 隨機選擇法 52
3.4.2 最少剩餘揀貨區域法 52
3.5 派車問題 54
3.5.1 隨機派車法 55
3.5.2 最短行走距離法 55
3.5.3 最大揀貨數量法 56
3.5.4 最小揀貨數量法 56
3.5.5 最大（揀貨數量/行走距離）比例法 57
3.5.6 最小（揀貨數量/行走距離）比例法 58
3.5.7 最少剩餘揀貨時間法 60
3.5.8 最早最悲觀可開始揀貨時間法 61
3.5.9 最早最樂觀可開始揀貨時間法 62
3.5.10 最早平均可開始揀貨時間法 64
3.5.11 最早Hurwicz Decision 可開始揀貨時間法 66
第四章模擬實驗與分析 69
4.1 模擬實驗設計 69
4.1.1 揀貨環境設定 69
4.1.2 實驗訂單設定 71
4.1.3 揀貨環境假設 71
4.1.4 實驗因子組合 72
4.2 績效評估指標 74
4.3 統計分析 75
4.3.1 分析說明 75
4.3.2 依「系統總執行時間（TST）」為績效評估指標 75
4.3.3 依「在系統內時間（TIS）」為績效評估指標 97
4.4 實驗結論 119
第五章研究結論與建議 122
5.1 研究結論 122
5.2 未來研究建議 124
參考文獻 125
中文文獻 125
英文文獻 127

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2022-7-21

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