| 摘要(英) |
Near-surface ozone has become a critical issue for Taiwan in recent years. Since volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the precursors of ozone generation, we must understand the ozone precursors’ VOCs. Furthermore, the amount of VOCs in Taiwan is represented by the measurement of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), which is also the main species for photochemical reactions in atmosphere, thus it’s crucial to monitor NMHC. NMHC is calculated as Total hydrocarbons (THC) minus methane, of which methane is not a VOC but is also an important greenhouse gas, so methane monitoring is also necessary.
The study followed the standard method NIEA A740.10C announced by the National Institute of Environmental Analysis to develop a catalytic total hydrocarbon analyzer. The instrument′s stability was improved by both hardware and software, and the stability test was carried out according to the standard method specification. Zero and full-scale drift test results THC is 0.06 and -0.32, CH4 is 0.07 and -0.07, NMHC is 0.03 and -0.25ppm, and the response time is 83 seconds, all within the specified range. After the completion of laboratory test, the developed machine was moved to Taipei City’s Air Quality Station (AQS) for field monitoring. During the monitoring period, it was found that the filter paper used in the station had changed the flow rate entering the FID due to the adsorption of particulate matter in the air, which makes the resistance more significant. Since the flow rate was not controlled in the previous instrument architecture, this study attempted to use mass flow controller (MFC) to control the sample flow into the FID which improved the problems of FID flow change. Comparing machine which installed the MFC catalyst with laboratory-developed back-flush GC method according to NIEA A723.75B, results showed that both trends were identical. Moreover, the MFC catalyst method showed higher stability than back-flush GC method.
The ethane measurement value of the Wanhua station’s photochemical assessment monitoring station (PAMS) is high year-round which was speculated that the emission source is natural gas leakage. By analyzing the ethane data of the PAMS and the methane data of the AQS, the high value of methane could also be observed at the same time in the event of ethane’s high value which showed highly correlated. Thus, this study proved that the ethane value of Wanhua station was came from natural gas instead of transportation source. Additionally, this study found out the source of natural gas by using the backward trajectory. After comparison, it is speculated that the natural gas comes from the restaurants in Ximending. |
| 參考文獻 |
1. 行政院環境保護署，空氣品質指標 - 空氣品質監測網https://airtw.epa.gov.tw/CHT/Information/Standard/AirQualityIndicator.aspx.[2022]
2. Horstman, D.H., et al., Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6. 6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0. 08, 0. 10, and 0. 12 ppm. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1990. 142(5), 1158-1163.
3. Anderson, J.O., J.G. Thundiyil, and A. Stolbach, Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. Journal of medical toxicology, 2012. 8(2), 166-175.
4. Hu, D. and J. Jiang, PM 2.5 pollution and risk for lung cancer: A rising issue in China. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2014. 2014.
5. 行政院環境保護署主管法規共用系統-法規內容-揮發性有機物空氣污染管制及排放標準。; https://oaout.epa.gov.tw/law/LawContent.aspx?id=FL015377.[2013]
6. What is the definition of VOC US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/what-definition-voc.[2022]
7. Global Monitoring Laboratory - Data Visualization. https://gml.noaa.gov/dv/iadv/graph.php?code=MLO&program=ccgg&type=ts.[2022]
8. Chang, C.-C., et al., Source characterization of ozone precursors by complementary approaches of vehicular indicator and principal component analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 2009. 43(10), 1771-1778.
9. Chang, C.-C., et al., Seasonal characteristics of biogenic and anthropogenic isoprene in tropical–subtropical urban environments. Atmospheric environment, 2014. 99, 298-308.
10. Borbon, A., et al., An investigation into the traffic-related fraction of isoprene at an urban location. Atmospheric Environment, 2001. 35(22), 3749-3760.
11. Ryerson, T., et al., Observations of ozone formation in power plant plumes and implications for ozone control strategies. Science, 2001. 292(5517), 719-723.
12. 空氣污染排放清冊 - 空氣品質改善維護資訊網。 https://air.epa.gov.tw/EnvTopics/AirQuality_6.aspx.[2022]
13. Chen, S.-P., et al., Network monitoring of speciated vs. total non-methane hydrocarbon measurements. Atmospheric Environment, 2014. 90, 33-42.
14. Kansal, A., Sources and reactivity of NMHCs and VOCs in the atmosphere: A review. Journal of hazardous materials, 2009. 166(1), 17-26.
15. 空氣污染防制法-全國法規資料庫。 https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=o0020001.[2018]
16. 109年度空氣污染防制總檢討; https://air.epa.gov.tw/EnvTopics/AirQuality_8.aspx.[2020]
17. 行政院環境保護署主管法規共用系統-法規內容-移動污染源空氣污染防制費收費費率; https://oaout.epa.gov.tw/law/LawContent.aspx?id=GL005188.[2017]
18. 行政院環境保護署主管法規共用系統-法規內容-固定污染源空氣污染防制費收費費率; https://oaout.epa.gov.tw/law/LawContent.aspx?id=GL005189.[2018]
19. 公私場所固定污染源空氣污染物排放量申報管理辦法，行政院環境保護署，2019.
20. 行政院環境保護署主管法規共用系統-法規內容-公私場所固定污染源空氣污染物排放量申報管理辦法。2019.
21. Method 25 - Gaseous Nonmethane Organic Emissions.; https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-25-gaseous-nonmethane-organic-emissions.[2017]
22. Jorgensen, A.D., K.C. Picel, and V.C. Stamoudis, Prediction of gas chromatography flame ionization detector response factors from molecular structures. Analytical Chemistry, 1990. 62(7), 683-689.
23. Salo, A.E., W.L. Oaks, and R.D. MacPhee, Measuring the organic carbon content of source emissions for air pollution control. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1975. 25(4), 390-393.
24. Maris, C., et al., Development of instrumentation for simultaneous analysis of total non-methane organic carbon and volatile organic compounds in ambient air. Atmospheric Environment, 2003. 37, 149-158.
25. JISB7956_2006 大気中の炭化水素自動計測器. https://www.jemima.or.jp/tech/5-01-04.html.[2018]
26. 《固定污染源排氣中非甲烷總烴的測定氣相色譜法》。 https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201801/t20180108_429313.shtml.[2017]
27. 排放管道中總碳氫化合物及非甲烷總碳氫化合物含量自動檢測方法－線上火燄離子化偵測法(NIEA A723.75B); https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/167E6340455DB32B.[2022]
28. 行政院環境檢驗所. 空氣中總碳氫化合物自動檢測方法 (NIEA A740.10C); https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/FF0278289EF44191.[2013]
29. 排放管道中總碳氫化合物及非甲烷總碳氫化合物含量自動檢測方法－觸媒轉化法(NIEA A758.70B); https://www.epa.gov.tw/niea/70A3D4C236C194A6.[2019]
30. 空氣中有機光化前驅物檢測方法－氣相層析/火焰離子化偵測法(NIEA A505.12B); https://www.epa.gov.tw/Page/37D872ABC4823091/.[2013]
31. Chen, S.-P., et al., Inter-comparison of network measurements of non-methane organic compounds with model simulations. Atmospheric Environment, 2015. 122, 94-102.
32. O’malley, A. and B. Hodnett, The influence of volatile organic compound structure on conditions required for total oxidation. Catalysis today, 1999. 54(1), 31-38.
33. Saitoh, O., M. Imaki, and H. Asami, Separation method of methane from other hydrocarbons than methane. 1977, Google Patents.
34. 詹竣丞，觸媒式非甲烷總碳氫分析儀開發與驗證，in化學學系。2020，國立中央大學: 桃園縣。
35. Njagi, E.C., et al., Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylene at Low Temperatures Using Porous Copper Manganese Oxides. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2012. 421-422, 154-160.
36. Mass Flow Controller. https://www.solidswiki.com/index.php?title=File:Mass_flow_controller.jpg#filelinks.[2022]
37. Yang, K.-L., et al., Diurnal and seasonal cycles of ozone precursors observed from continuous measurement at an urban site in Taiwan. Atmospheric Environment, 2005. 39(16), 2829-2838.
38. 台灣中油全球資訊網-瓦斯。https://www.cpc.com.tw/cp.aspx?n=204.[2022] |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit