博碩士論文 109223009 詳細資訊



以作者查詢圖書館館藏 、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 、以作者查詢全國書目 、勘誤回報 、線上人數：63 、訪客IP：18.225.117.242
姓名 楊雅宜(Ya-Yi Yang)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 化學學系
論文名稱 線上熱脫附-氣相層析/質譜儀技術即時監測工業區空氣中有害揮發性有機化合物
(Online Monitoring Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds by Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry in an Industrial Park)
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摘要(中) 有害空氣污染物 (Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs) 隨著工業發展被大量排放威脅著人民的健康。HAPs的監測標準方法，美國以EPA TO-15方法為主，台灣參考此方法開發了NIEA A715.16B方法，均利用採樣筒離線採樣。台灣針對特殊性工業區應用NIEA A715.16B，離線採樣工業區周界空氣，頻率為六天採樣一次，數據僅為24小時的平均，無法提供即時數值且無法反應當地長時間環境污染物濃度變化，因此本研究目的即延續前人研究持續開發線上熱脫附氣相層析質譜技術 (Online Thermal Desorption GC/MS，簡稱Online TD-GC/MS)，除了能持續監測空氣中86種HAPs每小時的數值，更重要的是延長離子源的使用壽命，延長連續監測的時間，使連續監測工作可以更完善。
離子源劣化快速導致離子源維護頻繁，影響數據的連續性為Online TD-GC/MS方法之最大難點，本研究透過探討空氣成分確認了水氣為造成離子源感度下降的主要因素，在不影響MDL的條件下將採樣體積減少並加大熱脫附分流流速使進入GC-MS的樣品體積減少，有效的減緩離子源感度下降的速率，維護頻率下降，在進行每日中濃度標準品查核時目標物種的回收率能維持在± 30%的範圍的時間增加，連續監測時間延長到兩週以上所測得之連續數據增加。
利用調控後的參數，實際在實場連續監測91天，離子源壽命最長可使用20天，因為連續性改善，可以清楚的看到如四氯化碳等污染物具背景值，此背景濃度值和NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA) 之背景濃度相近，證實儀器對低濃度監測的準確度，監測期間的數據更利用與離線採樣方法NIEA A715.16B及PTR-MS數據進行平行比對獲得良好的比對性，再一次佐證此系統之數據準確性。
本研究除了內標準品外還透過監測氟氯碳化物 (Chlorofluorocarbon, CFC) 濃度來確認儀器的穩定性，CFC於周界空氣中濃度穩定，可作為環境內標來佐證系統可信度。
監測期間的物種高值稱之為特殊事件，例如氯乙烯伴隨著1,2-二氯乙烷同時出現高值的特殊事件，將測得之連續數據結合當時的氣象資料可以透過後推軌跡的方法對污染物進行溯源，氯乙烯及1,2-二氯乙烷結合後推軌跡後證實兩者來自相同排放源。Online TD-GC/MS即時監測的結果可用於評估當地環境的污染物暴露濃度，每小時一筆數據能即時反應突然的特殊事件，對事件進行溯源尋找排放源，使排放管制更有成效。
摘要(英) Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) have been released in large quantities with industrial development, threatening people′s health. The standard method for monitoring HAPs in the United States is mainly based on the EPA TO-15 method, according to which Taiwan developed an analogy, the NIEA A715.16B method. Both use canisters for offline sampling. Taiwan applies NIEA A715.16B for the special industrial district. The frequency of sampling is once every six days and each for 24 hours, which cannot provide real-time values and reflect local concentration variability. Therefore, this research is a continuation of the previous study to further refine the method of online thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (called the Online TD-GC/MS). In addition, by continuously monitoring 86 HAPs in the air with hourly resolution and, more importantly, prolonging the service life of the ion source in MS at the same time we have successfully extended the time length of monitoring, making the online method more applicable.
Due to the rapid decline of the ion source response, the ion source needs to be revived frequently, resulting in the lack of long-term data continuity, which is the greatest obstacle to the online TD-GC/MS method. By investigating the air composition, it is confirmed that moisture is the main factor causing the deterioration of the ion source response. As a result, we reduced the sampling volume and increased the thermal desorption split flow rate without affecting the MDL to reduce the amount of sample entering the GC-MS, effectively slowing down the decline of ion source response and; thus, fewer interruptions in monitoring. As a result, the time spent for the target species to be maintained in the recovery range of ±30% based on the daily performance check increases. In the end, the time length of continued monitoring is extended to more than two weeks before service of the ion source is required.
Using the adjusted parameters, the actual continuous monitoring in the field was operated for 91 days, during which the ion source was able to last for up to 20 days for each segment of measurement. Because of the improvements made in this study, it can be seen in the field data that the atmospheric background level of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was clearly revealed at around 0.1 ppb, despite concentration variability. This background concentration value is similar to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, confirming the instrument′s low concentration monitoring detection limits.
In this study, the instrument′s stability was confirmed by monitoring the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations and normalized internal standards. Because the concentrations of CFCs in the ambient air are stable, they can be used as an environmental internal standard to prove the system′s reliability.
The high values of species during the monitoring period are called special events, such as the occurrence of high values of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane simultaneously. Combining the online data with a simple two-dimensional back-trajectory algorithm, the spikes of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane were determined to be caused by an emission source from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) factory. As a result, the online TD-GC/MS method not only can be used in the risk assessment of HAPs in a local environment but it also can instantaneously respond to sudden special events, and trace back to emission sources, making emission control more effective.
關鍵字(中) ★ 有害空氣汙染物
★ 線上連續監測
★ 前濃縮氣象層析質譜		 關鍵字(英) ★ Hazardous air pollutants
★ Online TD-GC/MS
★ Volatile Organic Compound
論文目次 摘要 I
Abstract III
謝誌 VII
目錄 IX
圖目錄 XIII
表目錄 XIX
第一章、前言 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究目的 3
第二章、文獻回顧與整理 5
2-1揮發性有機空氣污染物 5
2-2美國及台灣有害揮發性有機化合物管理回顧 6
2-3特殊性工業區揮發性有機化合物之管制 22
2-4揮發性有機化合物的監測方法 27
2-4-1離線分析方法 29
2-4-2 線上連續分析方法 34
第三章-實驗原理及介紹 43
3-1實驗流程 43
3-2前濃縮除水系統 45
3-3質譜 (Mass Spectrometry, MS) 50
3-4內標準品 （Internal Standard, IS） 52
3-5標準氣體 (Standard gas) 57
3-6過去之研究經驗 61
3-6-1水氣之影響 62
3-6-2內標體積之影響 63
3-6-3離子源拉出極板之影響 64
第四章、方法建立 67
4-1系統精進與改善 67
4-1-1質譜感度下降原因探討 67
4-1-2系統參數調整 70
4-1-3選擇離子掃描模式 (Selected Ion Monitoring, SIM) 75
4-2品保品管 (Quality Assurance/Quality Contro, QA/QC) 80
4-2-1質譜儀調機 (MS Tuning) 80
4-2-2檢量線 (Calibration curve) 82
4-2-3方法偵測極限 (Method Detection Limit, MDL) 88
4-2-4精密度/準確度 (Accuracy/Precision) 93
4-2-5每日查核 (Daily check) 97
4-3後推軌跡 (Backward trajectory) 103
第五章、實場監測與結果討論 105
5-1實場監測準備 105
5-2後推軌跡閾值設定 115
5-3 實場監測結果 119
5-3-1氯乙烯製程 (Vinyl chloride Process) 127
5-3-2 AS樹酯製程 (AS Resin Process) 131
5-3-3三氯乙烯及四氯乙烯 (Trichloroethylene & Tetrachloroethylene) 136
5-3-4氯代甲烷 (Chloromethane) 139
5-3-5 聚丁二烯製程 (Polybutadiene Process) 153
5-4數據比對 158
5-4-1採樣筒比對 (NIEA A715.16B) 158
5-4-2 質子轉移反應質譜法比對 161
5-5 質譜感度衰退測試 163
5-6 質譜感度校正 170
第六章、結論 181
文獻參考 183
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指導教授 王家麟(Jia-Lin Wang) 審核日期 2022-7-15
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