離岸風機基座裂縫的強度與疲勞分析

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姓名

吳春昊(WU,CHUN-HAO) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

離岸風機基座裂縫的強度與疲勞分析
(Strength and Fatigue Analysis of Cracks in the Foundation of an Offshore Wind Turbine)

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摘要(中)

本研究分為兩個部分，第一部分針對NREL 5MW OWT風力機基座進行裂縫應力分析，選擇IEC 61400-3中屬於需分析極限負載的工況，並配合台灣西部沿岸之海洋參數進行模擬，模擬軟體為GH-Bladed，GH-Bladed用於計算作用在基座上的實際載荷，包括力和力矩，最後將轉換後的負載輸入ANSYS Workbench，接著挑選局部應力最大的地方建立裂縫，接著將裂縫尖端的應力強度因子結合失效評估圖即可判斷裂縫是否會造成結構失效，結果顯示在裂縫深度4mm左右時，結構可能會因為裂縫附近有過大的塑性變型而導致結構失效。第二部分則是選擇IEC 61400-3中屬於需分析疲勞負載的工況，進行NREL 5MW OWT風力機基座裂縫疲勞分析，首先選擇合適的風況浪況之後進行模擬並提取10分鐘之環境負載，再將轉換後的應力輸入至ANSYS Workbench，進行應力分析，之後同樣在擁有最大拉伸應力處建立裂縫，提取裂縫尖端的應力強度因子歷時以後，將該歷時等效為等振幅的應力強度因子歷時，再通過另一幾何形狀較為單純的有限元素模型，在該模型上建立一個相同的裂縫，並在該模型上施以一等幅應力負載使其的應力強度因子振幅與之前計算出的等振幅的應力強度因子歷時的振幅相同，便可使用ANSYS Workbench中的 Smart Crack Growth功能來預測疲勞工況的循環次數與裂縫尺寸的關係，當裂縫尺寸成長至無法承受極限負載工況時，便判斷為該情況有危險。

摘要(英)

This research studied the offshore wind turbine NREL 5MW OWT and focused on the mechanics of the crack in the foundation. First, to analyze the ultimate load, we select specific design conditions in IEC 61400-3 with marine parameters corresponding to the western coast of Taiwan. The wind turbine software BLADED is used for finding the actual loadings, including forces and moments, acting on the foundation. Then, these loadings were used in FEM software ANSYS to perform detailed stress strength and fatigue analysis. The position of the crack was selected, where the local stress was maximum. The stress intensity factor at the crack tip was combined with the failure evaluation diagram to determine whether the crack would cause structural failure. The second part of the research is to select the working condition corresponding to fatigue load in IEC 61400-3. With appropriate wind and wave parameters, BLADED can provide 10-minute loadings to the foundation. Then, its stresses were found using ANSYS. A crack is established at the bottom of the base with the largest tensile stress. For fatigue analysis, the transient stress intensity factor duration was transformed to an equivalent stress intensity factor duration with constant amplitude. Then, the same crack was established on a simplified model. The “Smart Crack Growth” function of ANSYS was used to predict the relationship between the number of cycles of fatigue conditions and the growth of the crack size. The situation is dangerous when the crack size grows to the extreme. This research can provide a systematic method of analyzing the failure of the wind turbine foundation.

關鍵字(中)

★ 離岸風機基座
★ 失效評估圖
★ 疲勞裂縫擴張
★ ANSYS
★ GH-Bladed

關鍵字(英)

★ offshore wind turbine
★ foundation
★ crack, fatigue

論文目次

Abstract vi
誌謝 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章. 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.2.1 風機基座結構破裂分析與裂縫發生位置相關文獻 1
1.2.2 風機裂縫檢測相關文獻 4
1.2.3 風機基座有限元素模擬方法相關文獻 5
1.2.4 疲勞裂縫擴張相關文獻 5
第二章. 風機與外部條件介紹 7
2.1 離岸風機簡介 7
2.1.1 風機組件介紹 7
2.1.2 離岸風機支撐結構介紹 9
2.2 環境條件介紹 11
2.2.1 風況條件介紹 11
2.2.2 海況條件介紹 15
第三章. 基本理論 20
3.1 順序分析法 20
3.2 破壞力學 21
3.2.1 應力強度因子 21
3.2.2 破裂模態 24
3.2.3 斷裂韌性 24
3.2.4 失效評估圖 25
3.3 疲勞裂縫擴張理論 28
3.3.1 Paris′ law 29
3.3.2 雨流計數法 33
第四章. 數值結果與討論 36
4.1 極限強度分析 36
4.1.1 GH-Bladed塔架負載與ANSYS負載 37
4.1.2 ANSYS有限元素模型驗證 40
4.1.3 隨機因子對極限強度分析的影響 41
4.1.4 基樁底部的失效評估 43
4.1.5 法蘭之失效評估 45
4.1.6 安全係數 48
4.2 疲勞裂縫分析 50
4.2.1 疲勞裂縫擴張分析方法 52
4.2.2 ANSYS有限元素模型驗證 58
4.2.3 基樁底部疲勞分析失效評估 59
第五章. 結論與未來展望 62
5.1 結論 62
5.2 未來展望 63
參考文獻 64

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指導教授

黃以玫(HUANG,YI-MEI)

審核日期

2022-9-1

推文