潮間帶礁體懸浮漂沙濃度之現場研究

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李中原(LY TRUNG NGUYEN) 查詢紙本館藏

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水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

潮間帶礁體懸浮漂沙濃度之現場研究
(A Field Study on Variation of Suspended Sediment Concentration Over an Intertidal Reef)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-8-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

本研究旨在探究桃園大潭天然氣站附近海上工業碼頭建設對藻礁生態系統可能產生的潛在影響，特別關注建設引起的懸浮物濃度（SSC）變化。目前對於SSC的時間變化以及這些變化是否具有統計學上的顯著性仍存在不確定性。此外，相較於其他沿岸礁環境，這個藻礁區域的水動力、SSC水平和底部粗糙度條件提供了一個獨特而引人注目的研究機會。因此，進行研究以了解藻礁系統中的SSC變化是至關重要的。長期測量表明，SSC存在季節變化，冬季（140 mg/l）觀察到較高的值，夏季（70 mg/l）觀察到較低的值，這是由於冬季的顯著波浪條件所致。此外，這些SSC值（30-300 mg/l）相較於其他珊瑚礁生態系統（1-10 mg/l）顯著較高。此外，觀察到SSC變化與波浪誘發的底部剪應力之間存在相關性。一項利用各種儀器進行的現場實驗，研究了藻礁環境中SSC、湍流特性和SS的粒徑分佈之間的關係。該研究揭示了湍流的物理特性與SSC之間的密切關聯。此外，對懸浮沉積物的垂直通量的研究顯示，向上的擴散通量超過了重力沉降。實驗室實驗發現，光學後散射儀（OBS）校準值的斜率受到SS的粒徑影響，較大的顆粒尺寸與較高的斜率相關。因此，在藻礁環境中進行長期SSC測量時，需要重新校準OBS。另一項現場實驗揭示了SS中的有機物對OBS測量的影響，觀察到有機物與OBS測量的SSC密度之間呈現冪回歸關係。總的來說，除了了解藻礁區域中SSC的變化之外，本研究還強調考慮水動力條件和SS組成對藻礁SSC變化的重要性

摘要(英)

This study investigates the potential impact of an offshore industrial harbor construction near the Datan natural gas station in Taoyuan on the algal reef ecosystem, specifically focusing on the variation of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) caused by the construction. Uncertainty remains regarding the temporal variations in SSC and whether these variations are statistically significant. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic, SSC level and bottom roughness conditions in this algal reef offer a unique and compelling research opportunity compared to other coastal reef environments. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research to comprehend the variations in SSC over an algal reef system. Long-term measurements indicate seasonal variation in SSC, with higher values observed during the winter (140 mg/l) and lower values during the summer (70 mg/l) due to significant wave condition in the winter. Besides, these SSC values are significantly higher (30-300 mg/l) compared to other coral reef ecosystems (1-10 mg/l). Additionally, a correlation is observed between the variation of SSC and wave-induced bed shear stress. A field experiment utilizing various instruments examines the relationship between SSC, turbulent properties, and size distributions of SS in the algal reef environment. The study reveals a close association between the physical characteristics of turbulence and SSC. Furthermore, the investigation of vertical flux on suspended sediment demonstrates that upward diffusive flux surpasses gravitational settling. The laboratory experiment found that the slope of optical backscatter sensor (OBS) calibration values is influenced by the particle size of SS, with higher slopes associated with larger particle sizes. Consequently, re-calibration of the OBS is necessary for long-term measurements SSC in algal reef environments. Another field experiment reveals that organic matter in SS affects OBS measurements, with a power regression observed between organic matter and SSC density measured by OBS. Overall, besides of understanding the variation of the SSC in the algal reef area, this study also emphasizes the importance of considering hydrodynamic conditions and SS compositions in the changing of SSC over the algal reefs

關鍵字(中)

★ 潮間帶藻礁
★ 長期測量
★ SSC
★ 沉積物粒徑
★ 有機物質
★ 湍流

關鍵字(英)

★ Intertidal algal reefs
★ long-term measurement
★ SSC
★ sediment particle size
★ organic matter
★ turbulence

論文目次

Abstract i
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Notations xviii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and motivation 1
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Outline of the dissertation 3
Chapter 2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Overview of SS load 5
2.1.1 Overview of coastal SS 5
2.1.2 Definition of SS load 6
2.1.3 Factors effecting the SS load 6
2.1.4 Summarize recent progress on quantifying the SSC in reef region 8
2.1.4.1 Measurement techniques of SSC 8
2.1.4.2 Recent progress on quantifying the SSC in reef region 8
2.2 Overview of turbulence in reef environments 11
2.2.1 Turbulent sources 11
2.2.2 Estimation of the turbulent sources 12
2.3 The estimation of the bed stresses under wave-current flow 14
2.3.1 The definition of bed shear-stress under wave-current flow 14
2.3.2 Estimation of the bed shear stress 15
2.4 A summary of research on the variations of SS 18
Chapter 3. The environmental background of the study area 24
3.1 Site descriptions 24
3.2 The environmental conditions of the Taoyuan coastal area 26
3.2.1 Wind conditions 26
3.2.2 Hydrodynamic conditions 28
3.2.2.1 Ocean current condition 28
3.2.2.2 Wave condition 30
3.4 Bottom conditions 32
3.4.1 Bottom roughness conditions 32
3.4.2 Bottom sediment properties 33
3.4.2.1 Bottom sediment particle sizes 33
3.4.2.2 Bottom sediment density and porosity 34
3.4.2.3 Bottom sediment compositions 35
3.5 Chapter conclusions 35
Chapter 4. Variations of SSC 37
4.1 Description of the measuring of waves and SSC in the algal reef 37
4.1.1 Field experiments 37
4.1.2 Description of the measuring wave and SSC systems 40
4.2 Wave conditions 41
4.2.1 Wave and bed shear stress data analysis 41
4.2.2 Observation of wave conditions 45
4.2.3 Estimating near-bottom horizontal orbital velocity and wave bed stress 46
4.3 Variation of SSC 50
4.3.1 Calibration the OBS 50
4.3.2 Testing of the calibration value of OBS 51
4.3.3 Variations in SSC 55
4.4 The relationship between the wave characteristics and SSC 59
4.5 The implication of measuring waves and SSC above the algal reef 61
4.6 Chapter conclusions 62
Chapter 5. The relationship between turbulent properties and SSC 64
5.1 Hydrodynamic conditions 64
5.1.1 Study location 64
5.1.2 Hydrodynamic condition analysis 69
5.1.3 Current and wave conditions 72
5.1.4 Flow structure and turbulent stress 75
5.2 Observations of the SS characteristics 78
5.2.1 Distributions of the SS particle sizes 78
5.2.1.1 The variation of SS particle size 78
5.2.1.2 The estimation of required shear velocity from SS particle sizes 82
5.2.2 The variation of SSC 85
5.2.2.1 Calibration the OBS and ADV 85
5.2.2.2 Variation in SSC 86
5.3 The relationship of the turbulent properties and SSC 88
5.4 Testing the vertical flux of the SS 89
5.5 Chapter conclusions 91
Chapter 6. Effect of SS compositions on the accuracy of OBS measurement 93
6.1 Testing the effect of SS particle size on the accuracy of OBS measurement 93
6.1.1 Laboratory experiments 94
6.1.2 Calibration value of the OBS 96
6.1.2.1 The range particle size of the SS of 1 – 210 μm 96
6.1.2.2 The range particle size of the SS of 1 – 63 μm 98
6.1.2.3 The range particle size of the SS of 63 – 210 μm 100
6.1.2.4 The particle size of original SS sample (without filtration) 102
6.1.3 Summary on the regression of the calibration slope based on OBS measurement and SS particle sizes 104
6.2 The effect of organic matter on SS measured by OBS 106
6.2.1 The loss on ignition of the SS 106
6.2.1.1 Field experiment 106
6.2.1.2 Sediment sample preparations 107
6.2.1.3 Weight loss-on-ignition method 108
6.2.2 The effective density of SS 109
6.2.2.1 The comparison of SSC measured by OBS and water sampling 109
6.2.2.2 The SS particle sizes 109
6.2.2.3 The effective density of SS 110
6.2.3 Testing the flocculation of SS in the study area from microscope images 111
6.2.4 The effect of organic material on SS 114
6.3 The implication of understanding the effect of SS composition on the measurement of optical techniques in the algal reef environment 115
6.4 Chapter conclusions 117
Chapter 7. Summary, limitations and recommendations for future study 118
7.1 Summary 118
7.2 Limitations 119
7.3 Suggestions for the future works 119
References 121
APPENDIX 136
1. Data quality control for ADCP and ADV 136
2. Intermittency 137
2.1 Properties of suspension events 137
2.2 Contribution of suspension events 139

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指導教授

黃志誠(Zhi-Cheng Huang)

審核日期

2023-5-22

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