井測資料於臺灣中央山脈北部地熱區之解釋及應用

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陳炳誠(Bing-Cheng Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

井測資料於臺灣中央山脈北部地熱區之解釋及應用
(Interpretation and Application of Well Log Data to the Geothermal Region in the Northern Central Range of Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

與裂隙、斷層相關的透水地質構造被認為是台灣東北部低度變質岩區的主要地熱流體上湧管道。從1970年代至1990年代早期有一個期間的地熱鑽井與開發，但當時對於地下地熱地質情況尚無法深入瞭解。本論文研究了仁澤地熱區仁澤3號與仁澤4號地熱井的測井曲線和微電阻影像測井，以了解台灣低度變質岩區地下透水地質構造特徵。
測井曲線和微電阻影像測井資料，以確定地下裂隙和流體流動的可能途徑。由測井資料分析，本研究認為現代的測井資料在低度變質岩區會對透水結構有響應，故可辨視透水裂隙的存在。在微電阻影像測井上，本研究拾取了地層層面、天然開放裂縫及封閉裂隙等地質特徵。整合測井解釋、裂隙位態及裂隙密集度等資訊，本研究證實地下主要的透水地質構造為：1. 以斷層角礫岩為主要結構的斷層核芯與2.大量透水破裂面為特徵的斷層破裂帶。絕大部分開放裂隙為東北-西南方向，與目前區域大地水平最小主應力方向垂直。
本研究發現仁澤地熱區為一個東北-西南走向的狹窄斷層相關地熱系統。此透水的斷層系統的位態約是N50˚-70˚E，向西北方向傾斜70˚-90˚。斷層系統的水平的寬度約為200公尺。斷層系統內部包含了數個斷層帶。斷層帶內發育有透水斷層角礫岩及開放裂隙面。此斷層系統及內部的透水地質構造的發育及特性與岩性及近期台灣東北部的伸張大地構造狀態有關。本研究的資料及研究方法有利於台灣未來的地熱探勘與開發。

摘要(英)

Permeable geological structures associated with fractures and faults are considered to be the main upwelling conduits for geothermal fluids in the low-grade metamorphic areas of northeastern Taiwan. From 1970s to early 1990s, there was a period of geothermal drilling and development, but at that time, it was not easy to understand the subsurface geothermal geology. This thesis studied the standard open-hole logs and micro-resistivity formation image (FMI) log of the JT-3 and JT-4 wells in the Jentse geothermal area in order to understand the characteristics of subsurface permeable structures in the low-grade metamorphic rock area of Taiwan.
The standard open-hole logs and FMI images were used to identify possible conduits of subsurface fractures and fluid flow. This study concluded that modern standard open-hole log data would respond to permeable structures could be used to identify the presence of permeable fractures in low-level metamorphic rocks of Taiwan. On the FMI images, this study picked geological features such as bedding planes, natural open fractures and closed fractures. Integrating the interpretation results of standard open-hole logs, orientations of fractures and fracture densities, this thesis confirms that the main permeable geological structures in the subsurface are 1. fault cores with fault breccia and 2. fault damage zones characterized by a large number of permeable open fracture planes. The majority of open fractures are oriented northeast-southwest, perpendicular to the direction of current regional minimum horizontal stress.
This thesis found that the Jentse geothermal area is a narrow northeast-southwest trending fault-related geothermal system. The strike of this permeable fault system is approximately N50˚-70˚E and dips 70˚-90˚ to the northwest. The horizontal width of the fault system is approximately 200 meters. It contains several fault zones within the fault system. Permeable fault breccias and open fracture surfaces are developed within the fault zones. The development and characteristics of this fault system and the permeable geologic structures within it are related to lithology and the recent tectonic rifting of northeastern Taiwan. The results and methodology of this thesis would be beneficial for future geothermal exploration and development in Taiwan.

關鍵字(中)

★ 斷層相關地熱系統
★ 低度變質岩
★ 透水結構
★ 微電阻影像測井
★ 測井解釋

關鍵字(英)

★ Fault-related geothermal system
★ Low-grade metamorphic rock
★ Permeable structure
★ FMI borehole images
★ Standard open-hole log interpretation

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION IN THE SLATE BELT OF TAIWAN 1
1.2 THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SLATE BELT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 4
1.3 STUDY OF FRACTURES USING STANDARD OPEN HOLE LOGS AND BOREHOLE IMAGES 1
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2
CHAPTER 2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 4
2.1 THE TECTONIC SETTING OF THE NORTHERN EASTERN TAIWAN 5
2.2 LITHOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA 6
2.3 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF THE STUDY AREA 7
2.4. GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA 7
CHAPTER 3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY 10
3.1 WELL LOGS USED IN THIS STUDY 10
3.1.1 Well logs of the JT-3 well used in this study 10
3.1.2 Well logs of the JT-4 well used in this study 10
3.2 The interpretations of standard open-hole logs 11
3.2.1 Quality check of the standard open-hole logs 11
3.2.2 Shale volume (Vsh) and lithology determination 12
3.2.3 Effective porosity (PHIE) calculations 13
3.3 INTRODUCTION OF THE FMI LOGS 14
3.4 FMI INTERPRETATION WORKFLOW 14
3.4.1 Data processing and image data quality 14
3.4.2 Procedures of the FMI image interpretations 14
3.5 STATISTICS AND DATA INTEGRATION OF FRACTURE POROSITY AND FRACTURE DENSITY 15
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 21
4.1 THE RESULTS OF STANDARD OPEN-HOLE LOG INTERPRETATION 21
4.1.1 The results of the JT-3 well 21
4.1.2 The results of the JT-4 well 21
4.2 ORIENTATIONS OF FORMATION BEDS 22
4.2.1 The Orientations of formation beds of the JT-3 well 22
4.2.2 The Orientations of formation beds of the JT-4 well 23
4.3 TYPES AND ORIENTATIONS OF FRACTURE PLANES 23
4.3.1 Types and orientations of fracture planes of the JT-3 well 23
4.3.2 Types and orientations of fracture planes of the JT-4 well 24
4.4 ZONING BY FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS 24
4.4.1 Fracture zones of the JT-3 well 24
4.4.2 Fracture zones of the JT-4 well 25
4.5 FRACTURE DENSITY, APERTURE, AND POROSITY STATISTICS 26
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 38
5.1 THE LOG RESPONSES REFLECTING LITHOLOGY AND FRACTURE FEATURES 38
5.2 IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEFLECTIONS OF THE TEMPERATURE LOG 39
5.3 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAULT ZONES 40
5.4 CONTROLLING FACTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTIES OF POROUS FAULT ZONES 40
5.4.1 Lithology 40
5.4.2 Fracturing related to recent tectonic activity 41
5.4.3 Structural heterogeneity within the fault zone 41
5.5 THE ORIENTATION AND WIDTH OF THE PERMEABLE FAULT SYSTEM IN JENTSE 42
5.6 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAULTS, FRACTURES, AND THE TECTONICS OF THE REGION 43
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 47
6.1 SUMMARY 47
6.2 FUTURE SCOPE 48
REFERENCES 49

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指導教授

郭力維(Li-Wei Kuo)

審核日期

2023-2-2

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