應用智能合約改善募款困境初探： 以小型機構募資雛型系統為例

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邱玟婕(Wun-Jie Chiu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊管理學系

論文名稱

應用智能合約改善募款困境初探：以小型機構募資雛型系統為例
(A Preliminary System to Address Crowdfunding Challenges through Smart Contracts: Case of Small-Scale Organizations′ Fundraising)

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摘要(中)

有調查顯示，信任缺乏、資訊不足和紀錄不透明是主要的原因。在曾經參與捐款活動的高收入個體中，有相當比例的人對款項用途存在疑慮或資訊不足。為了解決小型機構在募款過程中所面臨的問題，本研究提出了一種創新的群眾募資運作模式，旨在解決傳統群眾募資的缺陷，並適用於小型機構。這種新型的運作模式使用區塊鏈智能合約，實時記錄捐款、退款和善款使用等過程，消除傳統運作方式常見的紀錄不透明或遺失的風險。同時，透過演算法和投票機制，改善大眾對募款機構款項流向不明的疑慮；即使募資失敗，捐款人一樣可以透過投票決定當前款項的去留，為募款活動提供了更多的彈性，也增加了捐款人在整個募款活動中的參與度。
本研究提出之新型募資運作模式為傳統群眾募資中的信任、資訊和紀錄問題提出一種解決方案。通過運用區塊鏈和智能合約的技術，善款的流向和使用變得透明可追蹤，捐款人可以參與決策，確保捐款被妥善利用。透過有效改良和結合運用不同的方法，便可能創造出更有價值的運作機制，幫助小型機構解決募款困境。

摘要(英)

According to surveys, a lack of trust, insufficient information, and opaque records are the main reasons for concerns in donation activities. Among high-income individuals who have par-ticipated in donation campaigns, a significant proportion express doubts or lack sufficient in-formation about the use of funds. To address the challenges faced by small organizations in the fundraising process, this study proposes an innovative crowdfunding operation model aimed at resolving the shortcomings of traditional crowdfunding and applicable to small organizations.
This new operating model utilizes blockchain smart contracts to record donation, refund, and fund utilization processes in real-time, eliminating the risks of opaque or lost records commonly associated with traditional operations. Additionally, through algorithms and voting mechanisms, it improves public confidence in the flow of funds within fundraising organizations. Even in the case of fundraising failure, donors can still participate in decision-making through voting, providing greater flexibility to fundraising activities and increasing donor engagement through-out the process.
The proposed crowdfunding operating model in this study offers a solution to the trust, information, and record-keeping issues in traditional crowdfunding. By leveraging blockchain and smart contract technologies, the flow and utilization of funds become transparent and trace-able, allowing donors to participate in decision-making and ensure proper utilization of their donations. By effectively improving and integrating various methods, it is possible to create a more valuable operating mechanism that helps small organizations overcome fundraising chal-lenges.

關鍵字(中)

★ 區塊鏈
★ 智能合約
★ 群眾募資
★ 募款活動

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
一、緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.2.1 建構去中心化新興募資平台 3
1.2.2 改善現有群眾募資之缺陷 3
1.3 研究重要性 4
1.3.1 實務重要性 4
1.3.2 學術重要性 5
1.4 論文架構 5
二、文獻探討 7
2.1 區塊鏈技術及信任機制 7
2.1.1 真理機器：關於信任 7
2.1.2 中本聰區塊鏈 8
2.2 以太坊 11
2.2.1 智能合約(Smart Contract) 11
2.2.2 去中心化應用(Decentralized Application, DApp) 13
2.3 群眾募資 13
2.4 摩爾投票演算法(Boyer-Moore Voting Algorithm) 17
2.5 區塊鏈於募資領域之文獻回顧 19
三、新型群眾募資雛型架構 21
3.1 退款運作機制 22
3.2 投票演算法運作機制 22
3.3 系統流程 24
3.3.1 募款機構 24
3.3.2 捐款人 27
3.4 系統架構 30
3.4.1 DApp 30
3.4.2 智能合約 31
四、系統分析與實作 32
4.1 系統分析 32
4.1.1 使用者案例圖 33
4.1.2 循序圖 36
4.2 開發環境建立與雛型系統開發 42
4.2.1 Solidity 42
4.2.2 Remix IDE 43
4.2.3 ABI & Contract Address 46
4.2.4 Web3.js & MetaMask 48
4.2.5 Ganache 49
4.3 系統展示 50
五、系統比較與效能評估 61
5.1 系統比較 61
5.2 系統效能評估 68
六、結論 70
6.1 研究成果：基於群眾募資之募款智能合約 70
6.2 管理意涵 72
6.3 研究限制與未來展望 73
參考資料 75

參考文獻

英文文獻
[1] Almeida, F., & Cunha, A. (2018). Digital Donation Platform for Nonprofit and Charity Organizations. International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development (IJICTHD), 10(3), 14–27.
[2] Boyer, R. S., & Moore, J. S. (1991). MJRTY: A Fast Majority Vote Algorithm. Auto-mated Reasoning: Essays in Honor of Woody Bledsoe, 1, 105–117.
[3] Buterin, V. (2014). A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform (white paper). Retrieved December 10, 2022 from https://finpedia.vn/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Ethereum_white_paper-a_next_generation_smart_contract_and_decentralized_application_platform-vitalik-buterin.pdf
[4] Brown, V. (2022). Introduction to Solidity: Remix I.D.E. Medium. Retrieved December 1, 2022 from https://blog.cryptostars.is/introduction-to-solidity-remix-i-d-e-16ca6609db66
[5] Badr, B., Wu, X., Horrocks, R. (2018). Blockchain By Example: A Developer′s Guide to Creating Decentralized Applications Using Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger. Packt Publishing.
[6] Care, S., Trotta, A., Carè, R., & Rizzello, A. (2018). Crowdfunding for the development of smart cities. Business Horizons, 61(4), 501–509.
[7] Camp, O., Mori, P., & Furnell, S. (2019). Information Systems Security and Privacy: 4th International Conference, ICISSP 2018, Revised Selected Papers. (2019). Springer Inter-national Publishing.
[8] Dannen, C. (2017). Introducing Ethereum and Solidity. Apress.
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[10] Jeong, J., Kim, D., Lee, Y., Jung, J.-W., & Son, Y. (2020). A study of private donation system based on blockchain for transparency and privacy. 2020 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC), 1–4.
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[12] Kumar, G. H., & Ramanjaneyulu, D. N. (2022). Crowdfunding: a new fundraising ap-proach to startup for business. International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology, 8(9), 17–23.
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[15] Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved December 10, 2022 from https://assets.pubpub.org/d8wct41f/31611263538139.pdf
[16] Originstamp (2022). What Is Ethereum and What Are Its Use Cases? Retrieved December 10, 2022 from https://originstamp.com/blog/what-is-ethereum-and-what-are-its-use-cases/
[17] Renwick, M. J., & Mossialos, E. (2017). Crowdfunding our health: Economic risks and benefits. Social Science & Medicine, 191, 48–56.
[18] Szabo, N. (1994). Smart Contracts. Retrieved December 1, 2022 from https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html
[19] Shaheen, E., Hamed, M. A., Zaghloul, W., Al Mostafa, E., El Sharkawy, A., Mahmoud, A., Labeb, A., Al Enany, M. O., & Attiya, G. (2021). A track donation system using blockchain. 2021 International Conference on Electronic Engineering (ICEEM), 1–7.
[20] Singh, A., Rajak, R., Mistry, H., & Raut, P. (2020). Aid, charity and donation tracking system using blockchain. 2020 4th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) (48184), 457–462.
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[22] Wikipedia. (2022). Decentralized application. Retrieved December 13, 2022 from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decentralized_application&oldid=1149467009

中文文獻
[1] 公益交流站 (2016)。書摘：群眾募資四大類型。公益交流站。Retrieved 2022年11月12日from https://npost.tw/archives/23849
[2] 公益責信協會(2021)。公益觀察 2021 暨臺灣捐款人行為調查。公益責信協會。Retrieved 2022年12月1日from https://www.apa-tw.org/news/151
[3] 陳之馨(2016)。群眾募資在台灣如何發展演變?圖文數據大公開讓你一次就懂。科技報橘(TechOrange)。Retrieved 2022年11月12日from https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2016/03/09/crowdfunding-in-taiwan-2012-2015/
[4] 新北市政府稅捐稽徵處 (2018)。群眾募資藏風險預購模式逾四成不符消保法。新北市政府稅捐稽徵處網站。Retrieved 2023年3月20日from https://www.tax.ntpc.gov.tw/cp-110-3455-47a9c-1.html
[5] 葉靜倫、許佩珊 (2021)。2021 捐款市場與企業公益合作調查：用地圖找到彼此，用對話搭起橋樑。Right Plus。Retrieved 2022年11月1日from https://rightplus.org/2021/10/12/npocooperation/
[6] 嘖嘖 zeczec台灣的群眾集資平台(2011)。Retrieved 2023年4月10日from https://www.zeczec.com/
[7] 優雅阿姨 (2022)。群眾募資爭議案件與公關行銷災難。方格子(Vocus)。Retrieved 2022年11月4日from https://vocus.cc/article/6385f9a6fd897800016f6bdd

指導教授

蘇雅惠

審核日期

2023-6-21

推文