美國東方主義：《降世神通：最後的氣宗》中的西方凝視展現

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：54

、訪客IP：13.58.217.122

姓名

黃育敏(Yu-Min Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

英美語文學系

論文名稱

美國東方主義：《降世神通：最後的氣宗》中的西方凝視展現
(American Orientalism: The Western Gaze in Avatar: The Last Airbender)

相關論文

★ 迪士尼的木蘭：性別與文化政治

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

《降世神通：最後的氣宗》是一部東方傳奇電視卡通影集，主要由美國白人製作。它因為引人入勝的世界觀和故事，而廣受好評。儘管如此，我認為這部卡通背後的意識形態鞏固並強化了美國東方主義的智識權威。卡通裡的東方世界被設計成腐敗墮落的模樣，等待有人拯救它，並重建其秩序。而主角神通王安昂便是美國人創造的救世主代表人物，有著美國流行文化中的「東方僧侶」（Oriental Monk）的意象，能將苦受百年戰爭和失去文化的東方拯救出來。另一方面，反派角色烈火國這個強大的極權國家，有著數一數二的科技，充滿了科技東方主義中論述的強大殘暴的東方的形象，勾起西方對東方的歷史的恐懼。最終，東方僧侶的意象與科技東方主義在卡通中合流，合理化了西方高高在上凝視東方的姿態，儘管那個東方是他們自己創造的，並用來滿足自己擔當東方救世主的慾望。為了理解智識權威如何在這部卡通裡運作、合理化西方對東方的控制，我將借用薩依德的方法論——策略位置與策略形構——來探討卡通裡隱含的美國東方主義的意識形態。

摘要(英)

Avatar: The Last Airbender is an American-made TV cartoon series. Most critics give positive views of its immersive world-building and great storytelling. However, I argue that the ideology behind the white-production show consolidates the intellectual authority reproduced by American Orientalism. The Avatar world is designed as an ancient but corrupting Orient waiting to be saved and rebuilt. Moreover, I argue that the protagonist Avatar Aang fits the iconography of Oriental Monk in American popular culture, which is representative of the Western savior that redeems the Orient from the Hundred Year War and the loss of cultures. On the other hand, the imperialist Fire Nation is a totalitarian nation with advanced technology that reflects the West’s historical fear of powerful Far East nations in the discourse of techno-Orientalism. At last, the convergence of the iconography of Oriental Monk and techno-Orientalism in the show rationalizing the Western gaze upon the Orient they manufacture not only positions themselves as saviors of the Orient but satisfies their own savior fantasy toward the Orient. To understand how the intellectual authority operates in the show for rationalizing the West’s supremacy over the Orient, I will borrow Edward W. Said’s methodological devices, strategic location and strategic formation, to explore the ideology of American Orientalism in the show.

關鍵字(中)

★ 東方主義
★ 美國東方主義
★ 東方僧侶
★ 科技東方主義
★ 薩伊德
★ 智識權威
★ 不對等的關係
★ 遠東
★ 降世神通
★ 尼克兒童頻道

關鍵字(英)

★ Orientalism
★ American Orientalism
★ Oriental Monk
★ techno-Orientalism
★ Edward Said
★ intellectual authority
★ asymmetrical relationship
★ Far East
★ Avatar: The Last Airbender
★ Nickelodeon

論文目次

Table of Contents
Abstract……………………………………I
中文摘要……………………………………II
Acknowledgements……………………………………III
Introduction……………………………………1
Chapter One: The Disguised Savior: Avatar Aang as the Oriental Monk……………………………………19
Strategic Formation of the Oriental Monk……………………………………19
Chapter Two: Cultural Appropriation and American Orientalism in Avatar……………………………………27
Strategic Location in Avatar……………………………………27
Art Concept and Themes in Avatar……………………………………31
Orientalist Tricks in the Creative Process……………………………………35
Chapter Three: Avatar World and Techno-Orientalism……………………………………43
Strategic Formation of Techno-Orientalism—Villainizing Certain Orients without Hesitation……………………………………44
Techno-Orientalist Historical Parodies in Avatar……………………………………46
Self-Imposed Victimhood of the Orientalist……………………………………53
Typecasting the Orient with Voice-Acting……………………………………59
Prince Zuko: the Enlightened Other……………………………………64
Failure of Reproducing Knowledge……………………………………68
Conclusion……………………………………73
Figures……………………………………75
Works Cited……………………………………85

參考文獻

Works Cited
Agnoli, Francis M. Animating Race: The Production and Ascription of Asian-ness in the Animation of Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra. Apr. 2020. U of East Anglia, PhD dissertation. CORE, core.ac.uk/outputs/337659420.
Agnoli, Francis M. E-mail interview. Conducted by Yu-Min Huang, 2 Dec. 2022.
ASK_ME_FOR_TRIVIA. “So, like... Why didn’t the Fire Nation attack from the east?.” Reddit, 24 Jan. 2022, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/sb8n71/so_like_why_didnt_the_fire_nation_attack_from_the/. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.
atla-lore-archive. “Character: Joo Dee.” The Lost Lore of Avatar Aang, Tumblr, 10 Feb. 2018. www.tumblr.com/atla-lore-archive/170700557410/character-joo-dee-trained-by-the-cultural?source=share. Accessed 10 May 2023.
“Avatar: The Last Airbender - Rotten Tomatoes.” Rotten Tomatoes, www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/avatar_the_last_airbender. Accessed 26 Apr. 2022.
Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 1 Collection. Created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Viacom International Inc, 2006. DVD.
Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 2 Collection. Created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Viacom International Inc, 2007. DVD.
Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 3 Collection. Created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Viacom International Inc, 2008. DVD.
“Avatar: The Last Airbender (TV Series 2005–2008) - Ratings – IMDb.” IMDb, www.imdb.com/title/tt0417299/ratings/?ref_=tt_ov_rt. Accessed 26 Apr. 2022.
Aydin, İsmail. Literature versus reality: Fantasy literature as a cultural practice. 2009. Faith U, Master thesis. Ulusal Tez Merkezi, tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=YjLynlt2HxQ_f5i-ZEsTbA&no=RjQHUvezdaRBGVlt6VUPiQ.
Bazooka_Penguin. Comment on “Did Japanese fans like Avatar: The Last Airbender?.” GameFAQs, 25 Dec. 2012, 5:51 p.m., gamefaqs.gamespot.com/boards/2000121-anime-and-manga-other-titles/65011264?page=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
“BREAKING NEWS: Nick Unplugs Invader ZIM.” Animation Magazine, 18 Jan. 2002. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20020201211753/http://www.animationmagazine.net/television/1_18_6.html. Accessed 9 Nov. 2022.
Brei, Elizabeth. “Avatar: The Last Airbender - 10 Things You Missed In The Great Divide.” CBR, 6 Aug. 2020, www.cbr.com/avatar-last-airbender-great-divide-things-missed.
Brown. “Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Great Divide.” Tumblr, 23 Mar. 2015, brownsreview.tumblr.com/post/114412589041/avatar-the-last-airbender-the-great-divide. Accessed 23 Mar. 2023.
Bryant, Anthony J. Early Samurai AD 200–1500. Osprey Publishing, 1991.
Bynum, Aaron H. “AVATAR: Season III.” Animation Insider, 30 June 2006. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20070207054907/https://www.animationinsider.net/article.php?articleID=1066. Accessed 24 May 2022.
chipsorcookiesorcrap. Comment on “Why did the Avatar franchise flop in Japan? One would assume that such a franchise would be successful in Japan ….” Reddit, 16 Jan. 2023, 4:58 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/10ctigf/comment/j4hutw5/?utm_name=web3xcss. Accessed 17 May 2023.
Clair, Joshua St. “The Real-World Inspirations Behind Avatar: The Last Airbender.” Men’s Health, 22 May 2020, www.menshealth.com/entertainment/a32627235/where-is-avatar-the-last-airbender-set/.
Clark, Nicole. “‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Is Still One of the Greatest Shows of All Time.” VICE, 21 July 2018, www.vice.com/en/article/5943jz/avatar-the-last-airbender-is-still-one-of-the-greatest-shows-of-all-time.
Codename: Kids Next Door. Created by Mr. Warburton, Curious Pictures / Hanna-Barbera / Cartoon Network Studios, 2002-2008.
Condon, Richard. The Manchurian Candidate. McGraw-Hill, 1959.
DeepL Translator. www.deepl.com/en/translator#ja/en/.
[deleted]. Comment on “was combustion man a robot?.” Reddit, 20 July 2019, 11:29 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/cfgz13/comment/eu9x194/?utm_name=web3xcss. Accessed 15 Mar. 2023.
devildogmillman. Comment on “Why did the Avatar franchise flop in Japan? One would assume that such a franchise would be successful in Japan ….” Reddit, 16 Jan. 2023, 6:49 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/10ctigf/comment/j4icgot/?utm_name=web3xcss. Accessed 17 May 2023.
DiMartino, Michael Dante, and Bryan Konietzko. Avatar: The Last Airbender (The Art of the Animated Series). Dark Horse, 2010.
DiMartino, Michael Dante, and Bryan Konietzko. “An Avatar Spring Break with Mike and Bryan (part 2 of 3).” Conducted by Robert Moscoe. AvatarSpirit.net, 6 Apr. 2007. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20120611152632/http://www.avatarspirit.net/interviews.php?id=19. Interview. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.
“Distanced From Current Events / September 11th.” TV Tropes, tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/DistancedFromCurrentEvents/SeptemberEleventh. Accessed 28 Mar. 2022.
どんぐりこ. “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, dng65.com/blog-entry-10369.html. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
Dragon Ball Z. Directed by Daisuke Nishio (episode 1–199) and Shigeyasu Yamauchi (episode 200–291), Toei Animation, 1989-1996.
Fauskanger, Helge Kåre. Ardalambion, ardalambion.net. Accessed 13 July 2023.
“Fire Nation.” Avatar Wiki | Fandom, avatar.fandom.com/wiki/Fire_Nation#Trivia. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.
flipapeno. “Rewatching ‘The Avatar and the Firelord’ and I just noticed something.” Reddit, 20 July 2012, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/wv51e/rewatching_the_avatar_and_the_firelord_and_i_just/. Accessed 30 Mar. 2023.
“Goku’s Time Is Up.” Dragon Ball Wiki | Fandom, dragonball.fandom.com/wiki/Goku′s_Time_Is_Up. Accessed 16 June 2023.
Harry Potter (film series). Directed by Chris Columbus et al. and performance by Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson, Warner Bros. Pictures, 2001-2011.
High_Stream. Comment on “If ATLA was a reality.” Reddit, 26 May 2013, 2:19 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/1f1er8/comment/ca5unw2/?context=3. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
“History: Fire Nation.” Avatar Wiki | Fandom, avatar.fandom.com/wiki/Fire_Nation?limit=500&action=history. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.
Indiana Jones (film series). Created by George Lucas. Lucasfilm Ltd, 1981-2023.
InvaderZim-DoortoDoorOriginal, identifier. “Invader Zim - Door to Door (Banned Variation).” Internet Archive, uploaded by DKL3, 20 Apr. 2015, archive.org/details/InvaderZim-DoortoDoorOriginal/InvaderZim-111a.rm.
invol713. Comment on “Is the Fire Nation Imperial Japan?.” Reddit, 18 June 2020, 12:15 p.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/hb706u/comment/fv77l5f/. Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.
Isaacs, Jason. “IGN Interview: Jason Isaacs.” Conducted by Eric Goldman. IGN, 14 May 2012, www.ign.com/articles/2007/02/16/ign-interview-jason-isaacs. Interview.
Iwamura, Jane. Virtual Orientalism: Asian Religions and American Popular Culture. Oxford University Press, Jan. 2011. Oxford Scholarship Online, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199738601.001.0001. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021.
Jenkins, Henry. “Searching for the Origami Unicorn.” Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media Collide. New York and London: New York University Press, 2006.
Jung, Mina, and Lucy Anne Heine-Van Fossen. “‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’: A new Aang-le for modern television.” Talon, 10 Sept. 2020, oakparktalon.org/10139/opinion/avatar-the-last-airbender-a-new-aang-le-for-modern-television/.
keybladesrus. “Did Japanese fans like Avatar: The Last Airbender?” GameFAQs, 25 Dec. 2012, gamefaqs.gamespot.com/boards/2000121-anime-and-manga-other-titles/65011264. Accessed 9 May 2023.
King Kong (film series). Created by Merian C. Cooper. Warner Bros. Discovery, 1933-2021.
Konietzko, Bryan, et al. “Audio Commentary- Chapter 14: City of Walls and Secrets.” Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 2 Collection, Viacom International Inc, 2007. DVD.
Konietzko, Bryan, et al. “Audio Commentary- Chapter 16: The Southern Raiders.” Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 3 Collection, Viacom International Inc, 2008. DVD.
Konietzko, Bryan, et al. Avatar: Avatar: The Last Airbender: Smoke and Shadow. 2015-2016. Dark Horse Books, 2021.
–––. Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Promise. 2012. Dark Horse Books, 2020.
“Legendarium.” Tolkien Gateway, tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Legendarium. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Levin, Ira. The Stepford Wives. Random House, 1972.
LifeUpInTheSky. “If ATLA was a reality.” Reddit, 26 May 2013, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/1f1er8/if_atla_was_a_reality/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2023.
–––. Comment on “If ATLA was a reality.” Reddit, 26 May 2013, 2:14 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/1f1er8/comment/ca5ul6f/?context=3. Accessed 6 Mar. 2023.
lilly. “atla mood board.” Pinterest, www.pinterest.com/lilllllllllllllllly/atla-mood-board/. Accessed 27 Dec. 2022.
Lisina, Elena. “Symbolic Colors in Japan.” Japan Travel, 5 Jan. 2020, en.japantravel.com/blog/symbolic-colors-in-japan/61005.
Liu, Ed. “From Tiny Toons to Brave & Bold: Toon Zone Interviews Voice Director Andrea Romano.” Toon Zone, 5 Aug. 2008. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20080827104023/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=25343. Accessed 31 Mar. 2023.
mackwade. Comment on “Is the Fire Nation Imperial Japan?.” Reddit, 18 June 2020, 12:12 p.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/hb706u/comment/fv77dm8/. Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.
“Manchurian candidate.” Dictionary.com, 1 Mar. 2018, www.dictionary.com/e/manchurian-candidate/.
MandoRando6969. “Why did the Avatar franchise flop in Japan? One would assume that such a franchise would be successful in Japan ….” Reddit, 16 Jan. 2023, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/10ctigf/why_did_the_avatar_franchise_flop_in_japan_one/. Accessed 9 May 2023.
“Meet the Editors of Men’s Health.” Men’s Health, www.menshealth.com/about/a29134632/about-mens-health/. Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.
MrBKainXTR. Comment on “So, like... Why didn’t the Fire Nation attack from the east?.” Reddit, 24 Jan. 2022, 9:04 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/sb8n71/comment/htygmqr/?context=3. Accessed 28 Mar. 2023.
My Neighbor Totoro. Directed and written by Hayao Miyazaki, Toru Hara, 1988.
[1098421]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, 6:29 p.m., dng65.com/?sp&m2=res&no=10369&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1098422]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, 6:29 p.m., dng65.com/?sp&m2=res&no=10369&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1098423]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, 6:29 p.m., dng65.com/?sp&m2=res&no=10369&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1098451]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, 7 p.m., dng65.com/?m2=res&no=10369&sp=1&page=1&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1098551]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 16 Jan. 2023, 10:09 p.m., dng65.com/?m2=res&no=10369&sp=1&page=6&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1099340]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 19 Jan. 2023, 5:43 p.m., dng65.com/?m2=res&no=10369&sp=1&page=10&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
[1099682]名無しさん. Comment on “海外「いったい何故！」日本だけ爆死する西洋自慢のアニメの存在に海外が大騒ぎ.” どんぐりこ - 海外の反応, 21 Jan. 2023, 3:16 p.m., dng65.com/?m2=res&no=10369&sp=1&page=11&ura=1. Accessed 9 Apr. 2023.
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Directed and written by Hayao Miyazaki, Topcraft, 1984. Netflix, www.netflix.com/title/70019062.
Neo Bahamut. Comment on “If Aang didn’t successfully remove Ozai’s powers, what would have happened?.” Avatar Wiki | Fandom, 7 Apr. 2018, 9:27 p.m., avatar.fandom.com/f/p/3246698436493462267. Accessed 15 Mar. 2023.
Neon Genesis Evangelion. Directed by Hideaki Anno, Gainax Co., Ltd. / Tatsunoko Production, 1995-1996. Netflix, www.netflix.com/title/81033445.
NICT, translator. “Architectural History of Japan (日本建築史).” Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia’s Kyoto Articles, www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org/history/Architectural History of Japan.html. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
–––. “Gojunoto (Five-storey pagoda) (五重塔).” Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia’s Kyoto Articles, www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org/building/Gojunoto (Five-storey pagoda).html. Accessed 26 Dec. 2022.
–––. “Wayo (Japanese Style) (和様).” Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia’s Kyoto Articles, www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org/culture/Wayo (Japanese Style).html. Accessed 21 Dec. 2022.
niztg. “was combustion man a robot?.” Reddit, 20 July 2019. www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/cfgz13/was_combustion_man_a_robot/.
NorckAndHisKorcks. “If Aang didn’t successfully remove Ozai’s powers, what would have happened?.” Avatar Wiki | Fandom, 7 Apr. 2018, avatar.fandom.com/f/p/3246698436493462267. Accessed 15 Mar. 2023.
NUMBOM. “アバター伝説の少年アンレビュー(前編) —子供と一緒に大人にも観て欲しい反戦アニメの傑作.” 映画についての雑感, 18 July 2022. Hatena Blog, numbom2020.hatenablog.com/entry/2022/07/18/190000.
NUMBOM. Instagram Messenger interview. Conducted by Yu-Min Huang, 18-19 Mar. 2023.
“Pagoda.” Animal Crossing Wiki | Fandom, animalcrossing.fandom.com/wiki/Pagoda. Accessed 22 Apr. 2023.
Peacock, Addison. “12 Most Underrated Avatar: The Last Airbender Episodes.” /Film, 28 Dec. 2022, www.slashfilm.com/1150253/12-most-underrated-avatar-the-last-airbender-episodes/.
Phillips, Maya. “‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ Imagines a World Free of Whiteness.” The New York Times, 18 June 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/06/18/arts/television/avatar-the-last-airbender-netflix.html.
Princess Mononoke. Directed and written by Hayao Miyazaki, Studio Ghibli, 1997. Netflix, www.netflix.com/title/28630857.
RavioliGale. Comment on “was combustion man a robot?.” Reddit, 20 July 2019, 11:21 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/cfgz13/comment/eu9whdv/?utm_name=web3xcss. Accessed 15. Mar. 2023.
Regalbuto, Benny. “The Katara Moment From Avatar: The Last Airbender That Means More Than You Think.” Looper, 30 Sept. 2020, www.looper.com/254597/the-katara-moment-from-avatar-the-last-airbender-that-means-more-than-you-think/.
returningtheday. Comment on “If ATLA was a reality.” Reddit, 26 May 2013, 2:35 a.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/1f1er8/comment/ca5unw2/?context=3. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
Rieder, John. Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Wesleyan University Press, 2008.
Roh, David S., et al. Techno-Orientalism: Imagining Asia in Speculative Fiction, History, and Media. Rutgers University Press, 2015.
“Ronny Chieng Explains Why Chinese People Love Money (Video).” YouTube, uploaded by Netflix Is A Joke, 26 Jan. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_KpLrHCAx0.
Rowling, J.K. “Colours.” Wizarding World, 10 Aug. 2015. www.wizardingworld.com/writing-by-jk-rowling/colours.
Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter books. Bloomsbury, 1997-2007.
Ryfle, Steve. Japan’s Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G, 1998, pp.22. Internet Archive, archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl/page/22/mode/2up?q=gorilla&view=theater. Accessed 30 Oct. 2022.
S, Valur. “Norse mythology and Icelandic folktales inspired Tolkien.” Your Friend in Reykjavik, 8 Apr. 2020. yourfriendinreykjavik.com/norse-mythology-inspired-tolkien/.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. 1977. London: Penguin, 2003. EAFORD, www.eaford.org/site/assets/files/1631/said_edward1977_orientalism.pdf. Accessed 1 Mar. 2021.
shahxnini. “Avatar Roku’s Temple.” Reddit, 11 June 2020, www.reddit.com/r/AnimalCrossing/comments/h0s6wd/avatar_rokus_temple/. Accessed 27 Dec. 2022.
Shaolin Wheel Of Life. Directed by Micha Bergese. Shaolin Wheel Of Life Ltd, 1999. Shaolin Wheel Of Life, www.shaolinwheeloflife.com/market/cdvdvhs.html.
“Shaolin Wheel Of Life Show Director Micha Bergese.” Shaolin Wheel Of Life, Dec. 2014, www.shaolinwheeloflife.com/design/default.html.
Shiota, Julia. “Avatar: The Last Airbender’s World Never Felt Tokenizing Because It Drew from Asian History.” SYFY Wire, 6 July 2020, www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/avatar-the-last-airbender-pan-asian-history.
sigmasonicX. Comment on “Did Japanese fans like Avatar: The Last Airbender?.” GameFAQs, 25 Dec. 2012, 6:19 p.m., gamefaqs.gamespot.com/boards/2000121-anime-and-manga-other-titles/65011264?page=1. Accessed 7 Nov. 2022.
“Special Features: ‘Behind-the-Scenes Kung-Fu’ Feature.” Performance by Sifu Kisu. Avatar: The Last Airbender- The Complete Book 1 Collection, created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Viacom International Inc, 2006. DVD.
Sutter, Paul. “What If the Moon Disappeared Tomorrow?.” Live Science, 23 July 2016, www.livescience.com/55477-what-if-the-moon-disappeared.html.
Teen Titans (TV series). Created by Glen Murakam, DC Comics / Warner Bros. Animation, 2003-2006.
“The Dalai Lama.” BBC, 21 Sept. 2006, www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/dalailama_1.shtml.
TheEliteNub. Comment on “Rewatching ‘The Avatar and the Firelord’ and I just noticed something.” Reddit, 20 July 2012, 6:37 p.m. GMT+8, www.reddit.com/r/TheLastAirbender/comments/wv51e/comment/c5gqdeb/?context=3. Accessed 30 Mar. 2023.
The Legend of Korra. Created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Nickelodeon Animation Studio, 2012-2014.
The Lord of the Rings (film series). Directed by Peter Jackson, New Line Cinema, 2001-2003.
The Manchurian Candidate. Directed by John Frankenheimer, M.C. Productions, 1962.
The Manchurian Candidate. Directed by Jonathan Demme, Scott Rudin Productions, 2004.
The Matrix. Directed and written by the Wachowskis, Warner Bros., 1999.
The Stepford Wives. Directed by Frank Oz, De Line Pictures, 2004.
Tolkien, J. R. R. The Lord of the Rings. Allen & Unwin, 1954-1955.
Weiss, Josh. “Doom! The voice of Invader Zim teases upcoming movie and reveals why the show was cancelled.” Syfy Wire, 30 Mar. 2018. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20181022035030/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/doom-the-voice-of-invader-zim-teases-upcoming-movie-and-reveals-why-the-show-was-cancelled?amp. Accessed 9 Nov. 2022.
Xiaolin Showdown. Created by Christy Hui, Warner Bros. Animation, 2003-2006.
Zane, Edwin. “AVATAR: THE LAST AIRBENDER: Earth, Wind & Fire.” LooseWorld, looseworld.com/television/avatar. Accessed 13 July 2023.
Zhou, Tony. “Snowpiercer - Left or Right (Video).” YouTube, uploaded by Every Frame a Painting, 29 Oct. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=X05TDsoSg2Y.
“-ZILLA (suffix) definition and synonyms.” Macmillan Dictionary, Aug. 2015, www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/zilla. Accessed 30 Oct. 2022.

指導教授

戴芃儀(Peng-Yi Tai)

審核日期

2023-7-24

推文