軟體定義無線電平台環境下ADS-B訊號擬真器之設計與實現

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姓名

李嘉偉(Chia-Wei Li) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

軟體定義無線電平台環境下ADS-B訊號擬真器之設計與實現
(Design and Implementation of ADS-B Signal Simulator with SDR Platform Environment)

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摘要(中)

關鍵詞：ZedBoard，AD9361，ADS-B，PYNQ。
本研究聚焦於 ADS-B（Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast）技術，這是一
項用於航空領域的飛機定位和通訊技術。ADS-B 是利用衛星定位系統（如 GNSS）來確
定飛機的精確位置，並將這些位置數據以廣播方式傳送給地面站和附近的其他飛機。其
目的在於提升空中交通的安全性、效率和準確性。
我們的研究利用了 ZedBoard 開發板（基於 Xilinx Zynq®-7000）以及 AD9361 RF
Agile Transceiver 平台，實現了軟硬體的應用。通過 PYNQ 控制 ZedBoard 和 AD9361，
我們成功實現了 ADS-B 訊號的發射。
研究的重點放在 ADS-B 訊號擬真器的設計和實現。首先，在 ZedBoard 上建立了
PYNQ 環境，並在 Linux 下使用 Jupyter 建立了使用者介面(UI)。接著，我們設計了硬體
層，將軟體和硬體結合在一起。並且，利用市面上的 ADS-B 接收器（RTL2832U+R820T2）
進行驗證。
這項研究為 ADS-B 訊號擬真器的設計和實現，透過 ADS-B 訊號擬真器的應用，我
們得以有效模擬飛機的飛行軌跡。利用 ADS-B 訊號擬真器，我們能進行接收機靈敏度
等相關測試，同時亦能模擬多架飛機的測試情境，以驗證接收機的性能與能力。

摘要(英)

Keywords: ZedBoard, AD9361, ADS-B, PYNQ.
This research focuses on ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
technology, which is an aircraft positioning and communication technology used in the
aviation field. ADS-B uses satellite positioning systems (such as GNSS) to determine the
precise position of an aircraft and transmits the position data to ground stations and other
nearby aircrafts though the way of broadcast. The purpose is to improve the safety, efficiency
and accuracy of air traffic.
Our research utilized the ZedBoard development board (based on Xilinx Zynq®-7000)
and the AD9361 RF Agile Transceiver platform to achieve close collaboration between
software and hardware. By controlling ZedBoard and AD9361 through PYNQ, we have
successfully achieved the emission of ADS-B signal.
The focus of the research is on the design and implementation of the ADS-B signal
simulator. First, a PYNQ environment was established on a ZedBoard, and an intuitive user
interface was established using Jupyter under Linux. Next, we designed the hardware,
combining software and hardware. Finally, we successfully implemented the ADS-B
transmitter and verified it using the ADS-B receiving platform (RTL2832U+R820T2) on the
market.
This research is the design and implementation of the ADS-B signal simulator. Through
the application of the ADS-B signal simulator, we can effectively simulate the flight path of
the aircraft. Using the ADS-B signal simulator, we can not only conduct receiver sensitivity
and other related tests, but also simulate the test situation of multiple aircraft in order to verify
the performance and capabilities of the receiver.

關鍵字(中)

★ ZedBoard
★ AD9361
★ ADS-B
★ PYNQ

關鍵字(英)

★ ZedBoard
★ AD9361
★ ADS-B
★ PYNQ

論文目次

摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... ii
誌謝 ........................................................................................................................................... iii
圖目錄 ...................................................................................................................................... vii
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................................ x
1 第一章緒論 .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與目標 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 廣播式自動回報監視系統(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) ............. 2
1.3 論文架構 ..................................................................................................................... 3
2 第二章發射機硬體平台以及原理 ...................................................................................... 4
2.1 開發平台 ZedBoard 與 AD9361 射頻模組 .............................................................. 4
2.2 軟體平台 PYNQ ........................................................................................................ 6
2.3 系統架構 ..................................................................................................................... 7
3 第三章 ADS-B 規格及原理 ................................................................................................. 8
3.1 ADS-B 訊號規格 ......................................................................................................... 8
3.2 ADS-B 空中位置訊號調制模塊 ................................................................................. 9
3.3 ADS-B Message structure .......................................................................................... 10
3.4 空中位置(Airborne position) .................................................................................... 11
3.5 CPR (Compact position reporting) ............................................................................. 12
3.5.1 CPR 介紹 ......................................................................................................... 14
3.5.2 CRP 編碼的計算流程 ..................................................................................... 17
3.6 ADS-B 空中速度訊號調制模塊 ............................................................................... 18
3.7 空中速度(Airborne velocity) .................................................................................... 20
3.8 垂直速率（Vertical rate） ........................................................................................ 22
3.9 氣壓高度(barometric altitudes) ................................................................................. 22
3.10 地速解碼(Ground speed decoding) ........................................................................ 23
3.11 空速解碼(Airspeed decoding)................................................................................. 25
3.12 CRC error control ..................................................................................................... 26
3.13 ADS-B 訊號編碼 ..................................................................................................... 27
4 第四章發射機的硬體架構 ................................................................................................ 28
4.1 硬體架構 ................................................................................................................... 28
4.2 ADS-B 發射端設計 ................................................................................................... 30
4.3 FIFO 架構 ................................................................................................................. 32
4.4 AXI Interconnect 模組 ............................................................................................... 34
4.4.1 AXI (Advanced eXtensible Interface) ............................................................. 36
4.5 AXI GPIO 模組 .......................................................................................................... 38
4.6 GPIO32_to_AXIS24 模組 ......................................................................................... 40
4.7 AD9361 SPI Interface 模組 ........................................................................................ 42
4.8 AXI DMA 模組 .......................................................................................................... 45
4.9 TXBE Controller 模組 ............................................................................................... 47
4.10 ADS_B_OVSR 模組 ................................................................................................ 49
4.11 ADI_DAC_Interface 模組 ........................................................................................ 51
5 第五章軟體定義無線電平台之實現與驗證 .................................................................... 54
5.1 軟體定義無線電 ....................................................................................................... 54
5.2 軟體定義無線電平台 ............................................................................................... 54
5.3 PYNQ DMA 傳輸流程 .............................................................................................. 55
5.4 FPGA（ZedBoard） .................................................................................................. 56
5.5 RF Module（AD9361） ............................................................................................ 57
6 第六章 ADS-B 發射機訊號模擬與實驗結果 ................................................................... 58
6.1 ADS-B 訊號模擬 ....................................................................................................... 58
6.2 加性高斯白雜訊(Additive white Gaussian noise，AWGN) ................................... 60
6.2.1 模擬測試 ADS-B 訊號不同 SNR 的流程 .................................................... 61
6.3 測試 ADS-B 發射與接收增益 ................................................................................. 64
6.4 發射機流程 ............................................................................................................... 70
6.5 擬真器畫面 ............................................................................................................... 72
6.5.1 Ipywidgets 函數庫 .......................................................................................... 73
6.5.2 擬真器模擬飛機軌跡流程 ............................................................................ 74
6.6 RTL2832U+R820T2(ADS-B 接收機) ....................................................................... 75
6.7 RTL2832U+R820T2 UI 軟體 .................................................................................... 76
6.8 發射機驗證結果 ....................................................................................................... 77
7 第七章結論 ........................................................................................................................ 81
8 參考文獻 .............................................................................................................................. 82

參考文獻

[1] L Eldredge., P Enge., M Harrison., R Kenagy., R Lilly., Suhardy lo., R Loh., Mitch Narins.,
R Niles., “GNSS vulnerability and alternative PNT” GPS World, Jul.1st 2010.
[2] Hou-JenChen., Shau-Shiun Jan.,” Performance Analysis of the Alternate Aviation
Navigation System Using ADS-B Downlink” July 2012
[3] “PYNQ home. What is PYNQ??” [Online] http://www.pynq.io/
[4] “工業技術研究院, CNS/ATM 關鍵技術研究(4/5)” ,交通部,2006
[5] 張財生., 張濤.,張海.,張小龍北京:國防工業出版社 “ADS-B 信號處理及系統應用”
Feb 2022
[6] Junzi Sun “The 1090 Megahertz Riddle (Second Edition)” Apr 2021
[7] “使用軟體無線電接收飛航自動回報監視（ADS-B）訊號與分析”[Online]
https://www.osslab.com.tw/sdr-ads-b/
[8] “Airplane Tracking Using ADS-B Signals in Simulink”[Online]
https://www.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/rtlsdrradio/ug/airplane-tracking-using-ads-b-sig
nals.html
[10] “Xilinx LogiCORE IP AXI Interconnect (v1.06.a), Data Sheet” December 2012
[11] “深入 AXI4 總線（二）架構”[Online] https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/45122977
[12] “AXI GPIO v2.0 Product Guide (PG144)” October 2016
[13] “AD9361 Interface Specification Rev. 2.5” January 2013
[14] “AXI DMA v7.1 LogiCORE IP Product Guide” Apr 2022
[15] “ADS-B Decoder and Software” [Online]
http://www.sprut.de/electronic/pic/projekte/adsb/adsb_en.html#downloads

指導教授

陳逸民(Yih-Min Chen)

審核日期

2023-12-4

推文