類Locusbots系統於分區揀貨倉庫的 揀貨人員Robot選取問題研究

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曾雋喆(Chun-Che Tseng) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

類Locusbots系統於分區揀貨倉庫的揀貨人員Robot選取問題研究

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摘要(中)

近年來資訊科技迅速發展，再加上行動網絡的普及化，造成電子商務的盛行，因此市場需求逐漸轉變為「少量、多樣化」，市場需求的改變同時也提升了物流中心的作業難度，其中對於揀貨作業更甚明顯。根據De Koster et al.（2007）的研究指出，目前大多數的物流中心仍屬於勞力密集的產業，揀貨作業不僅相當耗費成本，更是一種屬於勞力密集的活動，在物流中心裡與揀貨作業相關的人力佔了50%以上。因此為了因應「少量、多樣化」需求的時代來臨，適時地導入自動化設備，並規劃一個合適的揀貨策略，將對物流中心的成本、產能以及效率有著決定性的影響。
由於類Locusbots系統可以增加或減少Robot的數目，因此可以有效地解決訂單淡、旺季的問題。除此之外Locusbots可以利用動態路徑規劃，更新揀貨環境狀態，有效避開路上各種障礙物，並規劃最有利的揀貨路徑。本研究旨在「類Locusbots系統」的分區揀貨環境下，探討類Locusbots系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type - Ⅰ）（先使用揀貨人員Block選取問題再使用揀貨人員Robot選取問題選取Robot進行揀貨作業）與系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type - Ⅱ）（僅使用揀貨人員Robot選取問題選取Robot進行揀貨作業）之績效比較與揀貨人員的「Robot選取問題」在類Locusbots系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type - Ⅰ）與類Locusbots系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type - Ⅱ）中之績效比較，應用模擬軟體實驗之結果，期望找出最佳的揀貨人員策略組合，以降低揀貨時間並提升揀貨效率，並對未來之類似研究有相對貢獻。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the rapid development of information technology, coupled with the widespread use of mobile networks, has led to the prevalence of e-commerce. Consequently, market demand has gradually shifted to "small quantity, diverse variety," which has simultaneously increased the operational difficulty of logistics centers, particularly in picking operations. According to the research by De Koster et al. (2007), most logistics centers are still labor-intensive industries. Picking operations are not only costly but also labor-intensive, with more than 50% of the workforce in logistics centers being involved in picking activities. Therefore, to respond to the era of "small quantity, diverse variety" demand, the timely introduction of automated equipment and the planning of an appropriate picking strategy will have a decisive impact on the costs, productivity, and efficiency of logistics centers.
Since systems like Locusbots can increase or decrease the number of robots, they can effectively address the issue of fluctuating order volumes during peak and off-peak seasons. Additionally, Locusbots can utilize dynamic path planning to update the state of the picking environment, effectively avoiding various obstacles on the way and planning the most advantageous picking path. This study aims to explore the operational processes of pickers in a "Locusbots-like system" under a zone picking environment. Specifically, it compares the performance of two picker workflows: Type - I (using the Picker Block Selection Problem first, then the Picker Robot Selection Problem to select robots for picking) and Type - II (using only the Picker Robot Selection Problem to select robots for picking). By applying simulation software experiments, the study aims to identify the optimal picker strategy combination to reduce picking time and improve picking efficiency, contributing to similar future research.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ Locusbots系統
★ Robot
★ 訂單選取法則
★ 揀貨人員的「Robot選取問題」

關鍵字(英)

★ logistics center
★ Locusbots system
★ robot
★ order selection rules
★ Picker Robot Selection Problem

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
AbstractII
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VI
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究環境 3
1.3 研究動機 5
1.4 研究目的 6
1.5 論文架構 7
第二章文獻探討 9
2.1 Locusbots系統 10
2.1.1 Locusbots系統環境與作業流程 11
2.1.2 Locusbots設備介紹 12
2.3 倉儲規劃 15
2.3.1 倉儲設計 16
2.3.2 走道設計 18
2.4 揀貨作業規劃 20
2.4.1 訂單批次化 20
2.4.2 揀貨方法 23
2.4.3 揀貨政策 25
2.4.4 揀貨路徑策略 27
2.4.5 揀貨作業績效評估指標 31
第三章研究方法 33
3.1 系統之作業流程符號及變數定義 33
3.2 系統之作業流程與問題分析 34
3.2.1 類Locusbots系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type -Ⅰ） 35
3.2.2 類Locusbots系統之揀貨人員的作業流程（Type - Ⅱ） 37
3.2.3 類Locusbots系統之Robot的作業流程 39
3.3各研究問題之方法整理 42
3.4訂單選取問題 46
3.4.1 隨機選取法 46
3.5 揀貨人員的 Block 選取問題（決定揀貨人員該至哪一個 Block進行揀 46
3.5.1 隨機選擇法 46
3.5.2 最短旅行距離法 47
3.6 揀貨人員的 Robot 選取問題（決定揀貨人員該優先處理哪一台 48
3.6.1 隨機選擇法 49
3.6.2 有最少剩餘揀貨Block數的Robot優先法則 49
3.6.3 有最多剩餘揀貨Block數的Robot優先法則 50
3.6.4 有最少剩餘揀貨品項數的Robot優先法則 51
3.6.5 有最多剩餘揀貨品項數的Robot優先法則 52
3.6.6 最短旅行距離的Robot優先法則 53
3.7 Robot的Zone選取法則（決定Robot該至哪一個 Zone進行揀貨作 54
3.7.1 隨機選取法 54
3.8 Robot的Block選取法則（決定Robot該至哪一個 Block進行揀貨作 55
3.8.1 隨機選取法 55
第四章模擬實驗與分析 56
4.1 模擬實驗設計 56
4.1.1 揀貨環境設定 56
4.1.2 實驗訂單設定 57
4.1.3 揀貨環境假設 58
4.1.4 績效評估指標 59
4.2 統計分析 59
4.2.1 分析說明 63
4.2.2 依「揀貨系統總執行時間（TST）」為績效評估指標 63
4.2.2.1 個別因子之說明（依TST績效值） 64
4.2.2.2 不同因子交互作用之說明（依TST績效值） 66
4.2.2.3 最佳因子組合與績效（依TST績效值） 72
4.2.3 依「訂單在系統內總時間（TTIS）」為績效評估指標 73
4.2.3.1個別因子之說明（依TTIS績效值） 74
4.2.3.2不同因子交互作用之說明（依TTIS績效值） 76
4.2.3.3最佳因子組合與績效（依TTIS績效值） 81
4.3 實驗結論 82
第五章研究結論與建議 84
5.1 研究結論 84
5.2 未來研究建議 85
參考文獻 86
中文文獻 86
英文文獻 88

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2024-7-26

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