博碩士論文 111523050 詳細資訊




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姓名 李懿軒(Yi-Hsuan Li)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 通訊工程學系
論文名稱 適用於巨量多輸入多輸出通訊環境基於卡爾曼濾 波器之資料輔助通道估計技術研究
(Data-Aided Channel Estimation Based on Kalman Filter in Massive MIMO Communications)
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摘要(中) 在巨量多輸入多輸出(massive multiple-input multiple-output, M-MIMO)蜂巢式網路中,由於時頻資源分配有限且通道同調時間受限,因此可用的正交領航序列(pilot sequence,PC)數量也是有限的。這導致在相鄰細胞中重複使用PC,當其他細胞的用戶傳輸PC時,會對目標細胞基站的通道估計造成干擾,這種干擾被稱為領航序列污染(pilot contamination, PC)。頻率和PC的重複使用將導致通道估計性能下降,因此PC被認為是多細胞M-MIMO系統的性能限制因素。本論文旨在研究在PC環境下,引入一種更適用於實際環境的卡爾曼濾波器(Kalman filter, KF)並結合資料輔助(data-aided)通道估計方法來抵抗PC的策略,經由模擬結果可得本文所提出的方法能夠有效降低在在PC環境下通道估計的均方誤差(mean square error,MSE)。
摘要(英) In massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) cellular networks, the availability of orthogonal pilot sequences (PS) is limited due to constraints in time-frequency resource allocation and channel coherence time. This leads to the reuse of PS among adjacent cells, causing interference in channel estimation at the target base station when PS transmissions from users in other cells occur, known as pilot contamination (PC). The reuse of frequency and PS results in degraded channel estimation performance, making PC a critical limiting factor in multi-cell M-MIMO systems. This paper aims to investigate a strategy to mitigate PC by introducing a Kalman Filter (KF) tailored for practical environments and integrating it with data-aided channel estimation methods. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively reduces the Mean Square Error (MSE) of channel estimation in PC environments.
關鍵字(中) ★ 通道估計
★ 卡爾曼濾波器
★ 資料輔助
★ 巨量多輸入多輸出通訊系統
★ 領航序列汙染
關鍵字(英) ★ Channel Estimation
★ Kalman Filter
★ Data-aided
★ Massive MIMO
★ Pilot Contamination
論文目次 目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
一、導論 1
1.1 研究背景 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 研究動機 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 論文大綱 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
二、系統架構 5
2.1 通道模型 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 分時雙工 (Time-shift TDD) 協議 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 領航序列與 ZC 序列 (pilot sequence and Zadoff-Chu sequence) . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1 領航序列 (pilot sequence,PS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2 ZC 序列 (Zadoff-Chu sequence,ZC sequence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 訊號模型 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
三、通道估計方法與估計誤差 11
3.1 通道估計方法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.1 最小均方估計 (MMSE estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.2 最小平方法估計 (LS estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.3 最大概似估計 (ML estimator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 估計誤差 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
iii
四、卡爾曼濾波器估計方法 17
4.1 自回歸模型 (AR Model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2 卡爾曼濾波器通道估計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2.1 狀態方程式與測量方程式 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2.2 卡爾曼濾波器預測與更新 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2.3 卡爾曼濾波器估計誤差 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 資料輔助結合卡爾曼濾波器通道估計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3.1 上行訊號接收與決策 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3.2 資料輔助通道估計方法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.3 改良卡爾曼濾波器通道估計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
五、模擬結果 32
5.1 不使用資料輔助通道估計之性能表現 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.2 結合資料輔助通道估計之性能表現 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
六、結論與未來展望 37

圖目錄
2.1 通訊環境 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 TDD 協議 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 資料輔助通道估計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.4 不同天線數量下,各個通道估計之 MSE 比較 (PS 發射功率 ? = 30??) . . . . . . . 33
5.5 不同 PS 發射功率下,各個通道估計之 MSE 比較 (天線數 ? = 200) . . . . . . . . 34
5.6 結合資料輔助方法之 KF 通道估計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.7 不同天線數量下,結合資料輔助方法之 KF 通道估計之性能 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

表目錄
5.1 模擬參數設置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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指導教授 林嘉慶(Jia-Chin Lin) 審核日期 2024-7-18
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