應用於非地面網路之窄頻物聯網上行鏈路同步技術

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姓名

李俊毅(Chun-Yi Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

應用於非地面網路之窄頻物聯網上行鏈路同步技術
(Uplink Synchronization Technique for Narrowband Internet-of-Things in Nonterrestrial Networks)

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摘要(中)

窄頻物聯網(narrowband Internet of Things, NB-IoT)是第三代合作夥伴計畫(the third generation partnership project, 3GPP)所制定一個新的物理層，目的是支持大量物聯網用戶設備 (user equipment, UE)應用在大規模機器類型通訊 (massive machine-type communication, mMTC)。為了進一步擴展覆蓋範圍和提高UE連接數量，非地面網路(nonterrestrial networks, NTN)中的衛星通訊成為最有潛力的解決方法。然而，NB-IoT系統最初是為地面網路(terrestrial networks, TN)設計的，當引入至NTN時，現有的運作方式需要進行一些修改，使其能夠容忍衛星通訊帶來的高頻率偏移及傳播延遲，並確保NTN與TN之間的兼容性。其中一個挑戰是隨機接入(random access, RA)程序，RA程序涉及前導碼檢測和上行鏈路同步，由於頻率偏移及傳播延遲較大，傳統為TN設計的方法無法提供準確的檢測及估計。因此，本文設計一個無需全球導航衛星系統(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)的系統來進行RA，透過在衛星上的窄頻物理層隨機接入通道(narrowband physical random access channel, NPRACH)接收機進行都卜勒頻率的預補償與後補償以克服嚴重的都卜勒效應，而定時提前(time advance, TA)與隨機接入機會(random access opportunity, RAO)推延可以克服訊號高傳播延遲。NPRACH前導碼(preamble)採用基於奈曼-皮爾森準則(Neyman-Pearson criterion)來檢測符元(symbol)平均功率，同時提出可以估計大範圍載波頻率偏移(carrier frequency offset, CFO)與時序誤差(timing error, TE)的方法。最後在模擬中分析漏檢機率(miss detection probability)與估計的均方誤差(mean-square error, MSE)，結果表明上述提及的方法能夠應對衛星帶來的通道損害。

摘要(英)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new physical layer standard established by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). It is designed to support a large number of Internet of Things (IoT) user equipment (UE) in massive machine-type communication (mMTC) scenarios. To further extend coverage and massive connectivity, satellite communication within nonterrestrial networks (NTN) has emerged as a promising solution. However, the NB-IoT system was initially designed for terrestrial networks (TN), and when introduced to NTN, the existing operations need to be modified to tolerate the high frequency offset and propagation delay introduced by satellite communications, ensuring compatibility between NTN and TN.
One of the challenges is the random access (RA) procedure, which involves preamble detection and uplink synchronization. Due to larger frequency offsets and propagation delays, conventional methods designed for TN cannot provide accurate detection and estimation. Therefore, this thesis designs a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-free system for RA, overcoming severe Doppler effects through pre-compensation and post-compensation of Doppler frequency at the receiver of the narrowband physical random access channel (NPRACH) on the satellite. Problems caused by long propagation delays are also addressed. Furthermore. This thesis employs symbol average power detection based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and proposes a method to estimate a wide range of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing error (TE). Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the miss detection probability and mean-square error (MSE) of the estimation, showing that the proposed method can handle the channel impairments introduced in the NTNs.

關鍵字(中)

★ 窄頻物聯網
★ 隨機存取
★ 窄頻物理隨機接入通道
★ 檢測
★ 估計
★ 非地面網路

關鍵字(英)

★ narrowband Internet-of-Things
★ random access
★ narrowband physical random access channel
★ detection
★ estimation
★ nonterrestrial network

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
第一章序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章窄頻物聯網介紹 5
2.1 部署方式 5
2.2 隨機存取程序 5
2.3 窄頻物理層隨機接入通道前導碼 6
第三章非地面網路通訊的隨機接入程序改進 11
3.1 衛星配置 11
3.2 低軌道衛星的都卜勒偏移計算 14
3.3 都卜勒預補償與後補償技術 18
3.4 衛星定時提前與隨機接入機會延遲 21
第四章 NB-IoT 上行鏈路檢測與同步技術 23
4.1 NPRACH 系統模型 23
4.2 NPRACH 前導檢測 26
4.3 CFO 估計 30
4.4 TE 估計 34
4.5 動態調整檢測與估計範圍 38
第五章模擬結果與討論 40
5.1 AWGN 通道下模擬結果 41
5.1.1 AWGN 通道下 NPRACH 前導碼檢測 41
5.1.2 AWGN 通道下 CFO 估計與 TE 估計 45
5.2 陰影萊斯衰落通道下模擬結果 48
5.2.1 陰影萊斯衰落通道 48
5.2.2 陰影萊斯衰落通道下 NPRACH 前導碼檢測 52
5.2.3 陰影萊斯通道下 CFO 估計與 TE 估計 54
第六章結論 59
參考文獻 60

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指導教授

林嘉慶(Jia-Chin Lin)

審核日期

2024-7-18

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