Decentralizing DNS: Leveraging Web3 and Blockchain Smart Contracts for Enhanced Security

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姓名

謝侑廷(You-Ting Hsieh) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊管理學系

論文名稱

(Decentralizing DNS: Leveraging Web3 and Blockchain Smart Contracts for Enhanced Security)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-7-31以後開放)

摘要(中)

近年來網路科技日新月異，人手一台電腦和行動裝置已是常態。DNS 服務查詢的基礎，提供使用者利用關鍵字搜尋或直接輸入網址的方式來去瀏覽各式網站和數位資訊。然而，網路世界暗藏重重資訊安全隱憂，詐騙、釣魚網站的虛假內容層出不窮，網路上的攻擊手法種類相當多，像是 DNS 服務阻斷攻擊、中間人攻擊、偽裝、反射/放大攻擊、殭屍網路、惡意程式、資料外洩等等，其中又以阻斷攻擊(DoS)為最常見且較容易實施的攻擊，利用龐大且密集的請求行為，使伺服器端無法負荷導致伺服器停擺無法運作，造成眾多影響，此外，在 DNS 回應資料的穩定性和可用性也是在衡量 DNS 性能一個重要的指標。有鑑於此，本文提出一種基於區塊鏈的去中心化 Domain Name System(DNS)解決方案，透過區塊鏈技術，DNS 記錄不再由單一 DNS Server 管理維護，而是儲存於 smart contract 上，將可具有不可篡改性，減少在傳統環境中的 DNS 快取中毒攻擊，並針對目前非常氾濫的 DDoS 攻擊上，本系統也能更好地防範針對 DNS 的攻擊行為，提高可用性和系統整體效率，也設計能使使用者可以提供自身所擁有的 DNS record，以電信業者為應用環境，維護其 DNS 對於該業者至關重要，我們透過獎勵機制，增進使用者協助建立安全的 DNS 環境的意願，且在 DNS Record 上設有時效性，並提供針對異常之 ip 進行註銷，更加提升資料的安全彈性。另外，在加強效能上，本論文針對身份和資料驗證上採用 BBS+ Signature，由 Boneh、Boyen 和 Shacham 所提出的短簽名方案，他支援簽署多個訊息，同時產生單一輸出數位簽章，且 BBS+ signature 在金鑰和簽章的的部分都較為輕量，可減少鏈上鏈下的資源消耗。

摘要(英)

In recent years, network technology has been rapidly evolving, with personal computers and mobile devices becoming ubiquitous. DNS service queries provide the foundation for users to browse various websites and digital information through keyword searches or direct URL inputs. However, the internet world harbors numerous information security concerns, with fraudulent content from scams and phishing websites proliferating. There are various types of network attacks, such as DNS service denial attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation, reflection/amplification attacks, botnets, malware, data breaches, etc. Among these, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are the most common and easier to implement, using massive and intensive request behaviors to overwhelm servers, causing them to fail and cease operations, resulting in numerous impacts. Furthermore, the stability and availability of DNS response data are important indicators in measuring DNS performance.
In light of this, this paper proposes a blockchain-based decentralized Domain Name System (DNS) solution. Through blockchain technology, DNS records are no longer managed and maintained by a single DNS Server, but are stored on smart contracts, ensuring immutability and reducing DNS cache poisoning attacks in traditional environments. Regarding the currently rampant DDoS attacks, this system can better prevent attacks targeting DNS, improving availability and overall system efficiency. It is also designed to allow users to provide their own DNS records. In the context of telecommunications providers, maintaining their DNS is crucial. We implement a reward mechanism to enhance users′ willingness to assist in establishing a secure DNS environment. Additionally, DNS Records have a time- based validity and provide the ability to revoke abnormal IP addresses, further enhancing data security flexibility.
Moreover, to enhance performance, this thesis adopts BBS+ Signature for identity and data verification. This short signature scheme proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham supports signing multiple messages while generating a single output digital signature. BBS+ signature is more lightweight in both key and signature aspects, reducing on-chain and off-chain resource consumption.

關鍵字(中)

★ Blockchain
★ Smart Contract
★ Domain Name System
★ BBS+ signature
★ DDoS
★ Network Attack

關鍵字(英)

★ Blockchain
★ Smart Contract
★ Domain Name System
★ BBS+ signature
★ DDoS
★ Network Attack

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Contribution 5
2 Related Work 6
2.1 Domain Name System(DNS) 6
2.2 DNS Data Storage Format 7
2.3 Traditional DNS Operation Process 8
2.4 Traditional DNS-Related Attacks and Vulnerabilities 9
2.5 Traditional DNS Protection Mechanisms 10
1. DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions) 10
2. DoH (Domain Name System over HTTPS) 10
3. DoT (Domain Name System over TLS) 10
2.6 Blockchain 11
2.7 Smart contract 11
2.8 Ganache 11
2.9 Compare 12
3 Preliminaries 14
3.1 BBS+ Signature 14
3.2 BLS12-381 14
3.3 Elliptic Curve Cryptography（ECC） 14
3.4 Bilinear mapping（bilinear map） 15
4 System Proposal 17
4.1 System Model 17
4.2 Security Model 18
4.3 Design Goal 18
4.4 System Overview 19
4.5 System Operation Definition 21
5 System Construction 22
5.1 DNS Record Search on Local Database 22
5.2 DNS Record Search on Smart Contract 22
5.3 Upload DNS Record From Multiple User 22
5.4 Upload and Verify 25
5.5 Rewards 25
5.6 Revoke 25
6 Security Analysis 26
6.1 Data availability 26
6.2 Resist DNS Spoofing, Cache Poisoning, Snooping 26
6.3 Transparency and Traceability 26
6.4 Data Accuracy 26
6.5 Efficient Record Update 27
7 Experiment 28
7.1 Setup 28
7.2 Evaluation of DNS Server 28
7.3 Evaluation DDoS Attack 31
7.4 Evaluation of BBS+ Signature Time Cost 32
7.5 Evaluation Gas Cost on Blockchain 34
8 Conclusion 35
9 Reference 36

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指導教授

葉羅堯(Lo-Yao Yeh)

審核日期

2024-7-29

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