博碩士論文 110326016 詳細資訊




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姓名 黃滄偉(Tsang-Wei Huang)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 環境工程研究所
論文名稱 2021 年高山與都市有機氣膠的特徵與形成途徑
(The characteristics and formation of organic aerosols in mountainous regions and urban areas in 2021.)
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摘要(中) 有機氣膠對大氣輻射、氣候變化、人體健康有重大影響。本文於2021年春、秋季在鹿林山大氣背景觀測站(海拔2,862 m)採集氣膠,比較鹿林山生質燃燒傳輸煙流和大氣背景氣膠水可溶有機碳(Water-Soluble Organic Carbon, WSOC)、類腐植質物質(HUmic-LIke Substances, HULIS)、二元酸及其鹽類(Dicarboxylic acids and their salts, DCAs C2-C5)、單醣脫水醣類氣膠特性。本文另於 2021年12月在臺中市採樣,比較高山和都市地區氣膠微量有機成分異同。
鹿林山春季及臺中市採樣期間氣膠微量有機成分以WSOC為主,各占PM2.5有機碳濃度70 ± 20% 和57 ± 30%,其次為HULIS,鹿林山春季平均濃度都高於臺中市。由生質燃燒指標成分比值推論:2021年鹿林山長程傳輸生質氣膠的燃燒狀態以明火為主,燃燒硬木數量多於軟木。鹿林山春季及臺中市採樣期間DCAs以C2為主,臺中市觀測期間C3/C4比值高於鹿林山,但受光化學影響都不大。鹿林山及臺中市於採樣期間生質燃燒指標左旋葡聚糖在總醣占比PM2.5較PM2.5-10高,生物氣膠指標葡萄糖則相反,顯示生質燃燒氣膠粒徑較小,生物氣膠則較大。為了較周延地瞭解鹿林山有機氣膠污染源貢獻,本文彙整2019-2021年鹿林山相關數據,使用正矩陣因子法受體模式推估春季鹿林山PM10有機氣膠污染源貢獻,分別為生質燃燒 32.5%、生物來源 30.1%、原生排放與光化學反應23.6 %、海鹽12.8%。
總結來說,鹿林山受生質燃燒煙團長程傳輸影響時,微量有機氣膠濃度高於臺中市,來源以生質燃燒為主,生物源貢獻相近;臺中市微量有機氣膠來源則以交通源為主,生質燃燒為次。
摘要(英) Aerosol organic components have significant impacts on atmospheric radiation, climate change, and human health. In this study, aerosols were collected during the spring and autumn of 2021 at the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (elevation 2,862 m a.s.l.). The study compares the characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), humic-like substances (HULIS), dicarboxylic acids and their salts (DCAs C2-C5), and anhydrosugar aerosols in the transported biomass burning (BB) plumes and atmospheric background aerosols at Lulin Mountain. This study also conducted sampling in Taichung City in December 2021 to compare the differences in aerosol trace organic components between mountainous and urban areas.
During the sampling periods in the spring season at Lulin Mountain and in Taichung City, the primary aerosol trace organic component was WSOC, accounting for 70 ± 20% and 57 ± 30% of the organic carbon concentration in PM2.5, respectively. The next most abundant component was HULIS, with the average concentration at Lulin Mountain in the spring being higher than that in Taichung City. Based on the ratios of BB marker components, it is inferred that the BB aerosols transported over long distances to Lulin Mountain in 2021 were primarily from open burning, with a higher quantity of hardwood being burned compared to softwood. During the sampling periods in the spring at Lulin Mountain and in Taichung City, DCAs were primarily composed of C2. The C3/C4 ratio observed in Taichung City was higher than that at Lulin Mountain, but both locations showed minimal influence from photochemical effects. The BB marker, levoglucosan, accounted for a higher proportion of PM2.5 than PM10-2.5 during the sampling periods at both Lulin Mountain and Taichung City. In contrast, the bioaerosol marker, glucose, showed the opposite trend, indicating that BB aerosols are smaller in size, while bioaerosol is larger. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the sources contributing to organic aerosol at Lulin Mountain, this study compiled relevant data from 2019 to 2021. Using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model, the contributions to PM10 organic aerosol pollution at Lulin Mountain in the spring were estimated to be: BB 32.5%, biological sources 30.1%, primary emissions and photochemical reactions 23.6%, and sea salt 12.8%.
In summary, when Lulin Mountain is affected by long-range transported BB plumes, the concentration of trace organic aerosols is higher than in Taichung City, with BB being the primary source and biological contributions being similar. In Taichung City, the primary source of trace organic aerosols is traffic emissions, followed by BB.
關鍵字(中) ★ 高山氣膠
★ 都市氣膠
★ 氣膠有機成分
★ 生質燃燒氣膠
關鍵字(英) ★ Mountain Aerosols
★ Urban Aerosols
★ Aerosol Organic Components
★ Biomass Burning Aerosols
論文目次 摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XI
一、 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
二、 文獻回顧 3
2.1生質燃燒與傳輸 3
2.1.1 東南亞生質燃燒 3
2.1.2 氣膠長程傳輸 4
2.2 微量有機氣膠成分 5
2.2.1 水可溶有機碳(WSOC) 5
2.2.2 類腐植質(HULIS- HUmic-LIke Substances) 5
2.2.3 二元酸及其鹽類 8
2.2.4 單醣脫水醣類 9
2.3氣膠其他特性 11
2.3.1雲凝結核(Cloud Condensation Nuclei, CCN) 11
2.3.2氣膠光學特性 12
2.3.3氣膠光化學反應 12
三、 研究方法 14
3.1研究概述 14
3.2採樣地點 16
3.2.1鹿林空氣品質背景站 16
3.2.1臺中市採樣點(環保局) 17
3.3採樣觀測儀器 18
3.3.1 R&P Model 3500自組式蜂巢式套管化學採樣器 18
3.3.2 高量採樣器 21
3.4濾紙前處理、運輸及保存程序 22
3.4.1 濾紙前處理 22
3.4.2 樣本運送與保存 23
3.5樣本分析方法 24
3.5.1 樣本質量濃度秤量 24
3.5.2 氣膠碳成分分析 24
3.5.3氣膠類腐植質(HULIS- HUmic-LIke Substances)分析 25
3.5.4氣膠二元酸及其鹽類分析 27
3.5.5 氣膠水可溶有機碳分析 27
3.5.6氣膠單醣脫水醣類分析 28
3.6 BB判別方法 30
3.6.1氣流軌跡模式(NOAA HYSPLIT) 30
3.6.2美國太空總署(NASA)自然災害網 30
3.6.3美國太空總署全球火災監測中心(GFMC) 31
3.7正矩陣因子法(Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF) 32
3.8環境部測站自動監測儀器 34
3.8.1 O3、NOx氣體濃度 34
3.8.2 氣象參數 34
四、 結果與討論 36
4.1 2021年春、秋季鹿林山和12月臺中市有機化學成分與鹿林山氣流軌跡分類 36
4.1.1 2021年春、秋季鹿林山和12月臺中市有機氣膠化學成分濃度 36
4.1.2 2021年春、秋季鹿林山氣流軌跡來源類型 42
4.2 2019到2021年鹿林山氣流軌跡類型氣膠有機成分變化及特徵 48
4.2.1鹿林山春季氣流軌跡類型氣膠有機成分濃度及特徵比值 50
4.2.2逆推氣流軌跡類型與微量有機成分相關性 65
4.3 2019到2021年春季鹿林山有機氣膠來源貢獻 69
4.4 2021年冬季臺中市PM2.5及有機碳成分影響因子 76
4.5 2021年都市和高山高濃度及一般狀況的微量有機氣膠濃度、特徵、貢獻來源 94
五、 結論 100
5.1結論 100
六、 參考文獻 102
七、 附錄 116
附錄1微量有機成分偵測極限 116
附錄2鹿林山2021年春季採樣期間氣流軌跡類型 119
附錄3鹿林山2021年秋季採樣期間氣流軌跡類型 145
附錄4鹿林山2021年春季採樣期間火點 153
附錄5鹿林山2021年春季微量有機元素相關性矩陣 155
附錄6鹿林山2021年春季微量有機元素PMF 158
附錄7口試委員意見回覆 160
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指導教授 李崇德(Chung-Te Lee) 審核日期 2024-7-26
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