應用高溫淨化技術提昇廢水污泥與沼渣共氣化產能效率及 重金屬去除之評估研究

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彭翊茹(Yi-Ju Peng) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

應用高溫淨化技術提昇廢水污泥與沼渣共氣化產能效率及重金屬去除之評估研究
(Enhancement of energy conversion efficiency and heavy metals removal in co-gasification of wastewater sludge and anaerobic digestate using hot gas cleaning system)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用實驗室規模流體化床氣化爐，探討廢水污泥(Wastewater Sludge, WS)及沼渣(Anaerobic Digestate, AD)共同氣化產能，以及應用高溫淨化系統(Hot gas cleaning system)評估提高產氣品質及去除重金屬之可行性。試驗條件主要包括氣化溫度700、800及900℃、當量比(Equivalence Ratio, ER)為0.3，摻混比例分別為WS:AD = 3:1、1:1及1:3。至於高溫淨化系統則分別填充沸石、煅燒白雲石及活性碳三種吸附劑。
研究結果顯示，廢水污泥氣化反應產氫組成比例，由氣化溫度700℃之1.40 vol.%增加至900℃之5.21 vol.%，其冷燃氣效率由8.96%增加至18.71%，平均產氣熱值則由1.79 MJ/Nm3增加至3.69 MJ/Nm3。而沼渣氣化試驗之產氣中氫氣組成比例，亦由700℃之3.07 vol.%增加至900℃之6.57 vol.%，合成氣之冷燃氣效率則由9.55%增加至16.27%，平均產氣熱值亦由2.04 MJ/Nm3增加至3.43 MJ/Nm3。依據上述研究結果可知，增加氣化溫度有助於促進水氣(Water-gas)、Boudouard反應及焦油裂解等吸熱反應，產生較多可燃氣體，進而提升產氣熱值。
廢水污泥及沼渣共同氣化反應試驗，結果顯示，在氣化溫度900℃條件下，合成氣之氫氣組成比例介於4.99~5.80 vol.%，其中以WS:AD = 1:3條件下，氫氣組成比例最高，就合成氣之平均產氣熱值而言，主要介於3.56~3.65 MJ/Nm3；而冷燃氣效率則介於16.96~17.46%之間。若考量共同氣化反應之平均產氣熱值而言，以摻混比例1:1之條件，有較佳之產氣熱值。
應用高溫淨化系統之氣化試驗結果顯示，合成氣之組成比例均有增加之趨勢，其中以沼渣氣化結果而言，合成氣之氫氣組成比例介於7.79~9.52 vol.%之間，較未使用高溫淨化系統之試驗結果為高。至於平均產氣熱值介於3.96~4.16 MJ/Nm3之間，亦是有增加之現象。根據氣化產物之重金屬分析可知，應用高溫淨化系統之試驗可去除部分氣相產物中之重金屬，其中銅(Cu)之去除率介於10.83~28.31%，鉻(Cr)之去除率介於19.77~40.10%，鋅(Zn)之去除率介於18.76~28.84%，鎵(Ga)之去除率介於54.80~70.85%，銦(In)之去除率介於30.76~49.57%。整體而言，廢水污泥及沼渣具有共同氣化產能應用之潛力，同時應用高溫淨化系統，可有效提升產氣品質及去除重金屬，本研究初步獲得之成果，可供後續工程應用之參考依據。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the co-gasification of wastewater sludge (WS) and anaerobic digestate (AD) using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier, focusing on enhancing gas production quality and assessing the feasibility of heavy metal removal via a hot gas cleaning system. The experiments were conducted at gasification temperatures of 700, 800 and 900℃, an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.3, and blending ratios of WS to AD at 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. The hot gas cleaning system was equipped with three adsorbents: zeolite, calcined dolomite and activated carbon.
For WS gasification, the study revealed a significant enhancement in hydrogen production, from 1.40 vol.% at 700℃ to 5.21 vol.% at 900℃, with a corresponding rise in cold gas efficiency (CGE) from 8.96% to 18.71%. The heating value of the product gas also saw a substantial improvement, from 1.79 MJ/Nm3 to 3.69 MJ/Nm3. In the case of AD gasification, a similar trend was observed, with hydrogen production increased from 3.07 vol.% at 700℃ to 6.57 vol.% at 900℃, and CGE rising from 9.55% to 16.27%. The heating value of the product gas also saw a significant increase, from 2.04 MJ/Nm3 to 3.43 MJ/Nm3. These results, underscore the efficiency of the gasification process, with higher gasification temperatures favoring endothermic reactions and leading to more combustible gas production and a higher heating value of the produced gas. During the co-gasification of WS and AD at 900℃, hydrogen production ranged from 4.99 to 5.80 vol.%, with the highest yield observed at a WS:AD = 1:3. The heating value of the product gas varied between 3.56 and 3.65 MJ/Nm3; while CGE ranged from 16.96 to 17.46%. A blending ratio of 1:1 was found to optimize the heating value of the product gas.
The gasification tests incorporating the hot gas cleaning system revealed a notable increase in the syngas composition ratio. For AD gasification, the syngas′ hydrogen content surged to 7.79 and 9.52 vol.%, surpassing the results obtained without the hot gas cleaning system. The heating value of the product gas also saw a significant increase, ranging from 3.96 to 4.16 MJ/Nm³. Most importantly, the hot gas cleaning system played a pivotal role in effectively removing heavy metals from the gas phase products, with impressive removal rates of 10.83% to 28.31% for copper (Cu), 19.77% to 40.10% for chromium (Cr), 18.76% to 28.84% for zinc (Zn), 54.80% to 70.85% for gallium (Ga), and 30.76% to 49.57% for indium (In).
Overall, the study underscores the promising potential of WS and AD for co-gasification. The hot gas cleaning system emerges as a significant player, enhancing gas production quality and enabling the removal of heavy metals. These preliminary findings provide a beacon of hope for future engineering applications in the field of waste management and environmental engineering.

關鍵字(中)

★ 廢水污泥
★ 沼渣
★ 氣化
★ 高溫淨化系統
★ 重金屬

關鍵字(英)

★ Ｗastewater sludge
★ Anaerobic digestate
★ Gasfication
★ Hot gas cleaning system
★ Heavy metals

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xv
第一章前言 1
第二章文獻回顧 5
2-1廢水污泥現況分析 5
2-1-1污泥再利用現況 5
2-2沼渣現況分析 8
2-3氣化技術原理及應用探討 10
2-3-1氣化的反應機制 10
2-3-2氣化操作條件對產氣效率的影響 12
2-4氣體淨化技術 21
2-4-1催化劑轉化 22
2-4-2高溫淨化處理技術 23
第三章研究材料及方法 27
3-1實驗材料 27
3-1-1科學園區廢水污泥 27
3-1-2沼渣 28
3-1-3吸附劑 28
3-2實驗設備 29
3-2-1氣化設備 29
3-2-2高溫淨化吸附系統 30
3-3實驗條件 33
3-4反應動力學 36
3-5分析項目與方法 38
3-5-1原料基本特性分析 38
3-5-2氣化產物分析 43
第四章結果與討論 47
4-1原料之基本特性分析 47
4-2廢水污泥及沼渣之熱動力分析 50
4-2-1熱重損失之分析結果 50
4-3溫度對廢水污泥與沼渣之氣化產能效率之影響 66
4-3-1廢水污泥與沼渣氣化之氣相產物特性分析 66
4-3-2廢水污泥與沼渣氣化之液相產物特性分析 76
4-3-3廢水污泥與沼渣氣化之固相產物特性分析 81
4-3-4質量平衡 87
4-4摻混比對廢水污泥與沼渣共同氣化產能效率之評估 100
4-4-1廢水污泥與沼渣共同氣化之氣相產物特性分析 100
4-4-2廢水污泥與沼渣共同氣化之液相產物特性分析 106
4-4-3廢水污泥與沼渣共同氣化之固相產物特性分析 111
4-5爐外連接高溫淨化系統對氣化產能效率之評估 125
4-5-1爐外連接高溫淨化系統氣化之氣相產物特性分析 125
4-5-2爐外連接高溫淨化系統氣化之液相產物特性分析 131
4-5-3爐外連接高溫淨化系統氣化之固相產物特性分析 136
4-6廢水污泥及沼渣共同氣化之產能效率評估 151
4-6-1共同氣化之合成性特性分析 151
4-6-2能量分布特性 157
4-7氣化產物之重金屬分布特性 160
第五章結論與建議 185
5-1結論 185
5-2建議 187
參考文獻 189
附錄 199

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指導教授

江康鈺(Kung-Yuh Chiang)

審核日期

2024-8-19

推文