摘要： Sodium ion battery is a potential sustainable energy storage system due to its abundance and low cost. To date, some Na-storage anode materials have achieved long life span, but the rate performance still remains insufficient. Herein, we show that in some linear ether-based electrolytes, graphite can not only render unprecedented cyclability (∼6000 cycles), but also exhibit ultrahigh rate capability (up to 10 A g−1), along with a reversible capacity of ∼110 mAh g−1. By combining electrochemical measurements and structural analysis (e.g. in situ Raman and ex situ XRD measurements), we reveal that graphite undergoes a stage-evolution mechanism induced by the insertion of solvated sodium ions. Furthermore, kinetic studies have shown that this process accompanies with an intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior, which should be responsible for the obtained superior electrode properties. •Sodium storage performance of graphite in ether-based electrolytes is evaluated.•Unprecedented cyclability and ultrahigh rate capability are obtained.•Solvated-Na co-intercalated into graphite via a stage-evolution process.•Kinetic studies reveal an intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior.•A full cell based on graphite and Na3V2(PO4)3C are successfully fabricated. 出版者： Elsevier B.V 出版日期： 2015-10-20 出處： Journal of Power Sources, 2015-10, Vol.293, p.626-634 資源來源： Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals 版權： 2015 Elsevier B.V. 識別號： ISSN: 0378-7753 識別號： EISSN: 1873-2755 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.116
