Size-resolved eddy covariance fluxes of nucleation to accumulation mode aerosol particles over a coniferous forest

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题名:	Size-resolved eddy covariance fluxes of nucleation to accumulation mode aerosol particles over a coniferous forest
作者:	柯奧圖;Deventer, Malte Julian;Held, Andreas;El-Madany, Tarek Sebastian;Klemm, Otto
贡献者:	地球科學學院大氣科學學系
关键词:	aerosols;coniferous forests;Covariance;Deposition;Deposition velocity;Eddies;eddy covariance;Fluxes;Forest canopy;Forests;Germany;Mathematical models;Nucleation;Particle flux;particle size;Size-resolved;Spectrometers;summer;wind direction
日期:	2015-12-15
上传时间:	2026-04-21 14:09:04 (UTC+8)
出版者:	Elsevier;Elsevier B.V
摘要:	摘要： •Application of an electrical low pressure impactor in eddy covariance measurements.•First time direct measurement of nucleation to accumulation mode particle fluxes.•Bi-directional turbulent fluxes of aerosol particles over a forest canopy. In late summer 2013, size-resolved particle number concentrations above and below a coniferous forest canopy have been measured at the ‘Waldstein’ site in NE Bavaria (GER). The application of a fast particle spectrometer (ELPI+) on top of a 30m scaffolding tower allowed the direct calculation of particle number fluxes for 10 separate size stages using the eddy covariance method. To the best of our knowledge this study is the first to report size-resolved and directly measured eddy fluxes and deposition velocities for a wide size range covering nucleation to accumulation mode particles with diameters between 0.006 and 1.4μm. The results suggest that new particle formation (NPF) leads to enhanced particle number fluxes. Overall, a net deposition of −4.1e+07particlesm−2s−1 corresponding to a mean deposition velocity of −0.27cms−1 was observed. Size dependent upward fluxes for ultrafine particles were mainly observed during the morning on NPF days. In total, about 30% of the measured fluxes were upward directed. This study examines correlations between apparent upward fluxes and explanatory variables such as random flux errors and wind direction. Further, a comparison of the measured deposition velocities to latest eddy covariance observations and models was performed. A simple second-order fit to observations for particle sizes between 0.1 and 1μm is presented. 出版者： Elsevier B.V 出版日期： 2015-12-15 出處： Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2015-12, Vol.214-215, p.328-340 資源來源： Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete 版權： 2015 Elsevier B.V. 識別號： ISSN: 0168-1923 識別號： EISSN: 1873-2240 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.261
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