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| 題名: | Assessing the radiative impacts of precipitating clouds on winter surface air temperatures and land surface properties in general circulation models using observations |
| 作者: | 余嘉裕;Li, J.‐L. F.;Lee, Wei‐Liang;Wang, Yi‐Hui;Richardson, Mark;Yu, Jia‐Yuh;Suhas, E.;Fetzer, Eric;Lo, Min‐Hui;Yue, Qing |
| 貢獻者: | 地球科學學院大氣科學學系 |
| 關鍵詞: | Air temperature;Atmospheric models;Atmospheric research;Climate models;Clouds;coupled GCM;Coupled modes;Downwelling;Earth;Evapotranspiration;General circulation models;Geophysics;Ice;Intercomparison;Land;land model;Land surface temperature;Leaf area;Leaf area index;LST;Meteorological satellites;Modelling;Northern Hemisphere;Radiation;Radiation-cloud interactions;SAT;Snow;Snow cover;Soil moisture;Surface energy;Surface properties;Surface-air temperature relationships;Temperature;Water circulation;Winter |
| 日期: | 2016-10-16 |
| 上傳時間: | 2026-04-21 14:16:10 (UTC+8) |
| 出版者: | Wiley-Blackwell;Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| 摘要: | 摘要： Using CloudSat‐CALIPSO ice water, cloud fraction, and radiation; Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiation; and long‐term station‐measured surface air temperature (SAT), we identified a substantial underestimation of the total ice water path, total cloud fraction, land surface radiative flux, land surface temperature (LST), and SAT during Northern Hemisphere winter in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. We perform sensitivity experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) in fully coupled modes to identify processes driving these biases. We found that biases in land surface properties are associated with the exclusion of downwelling longwave heating from precipitating ice during Northern Hemisphere winter. The land surface temperature biases introduced by the exclusion of precipitating ice radiative effects in CESM1 and CMIP5 both spatially correlate with winter biases over Eurasia and North America. The underestimated precipitating ice radiative effect leads to colder LST, associated surface energy‐budget adjustments, and cooler SAT. This bias also shifts regional soil moisture state from liquid to frozen, increases snow cover, and depresses evapotranspiration (ET) and total leaf area index in Northern Hemisphere winter. The inclusion of the precipitating ice radiative effects largely reduces the model biases of surface radiative fluxes (more than 15 W m−2), SAT (up to 2–4 K), and snow cover and ET (25–30%), compared with those without snow‐radiative effects. Key Points Most GCMs exclude snow‐radiative effects Excluding snow‐radiative effects leads to reductions in TS, soil moisture, and ET Excluding snow‐radiative effects results in an increase in ice in soil and a subsequent decrease in TLAI in some regions
出版者： Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
出版日期： 2016-10-16
出處： Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2016-10, Vol.121 (19), p.11,536-11,555
資源來源： Wiley Online Library
版權： 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
識別號： ISSN: 2169-897X
識別號： ISSN: 2169-8996
識別號： EISSN: 2169-8996
識別號： DOI: 10.1002/2016JD025175 |
| 顯示於類別: | [大氣科學學系] 期刊論文
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