| 摘要: | 摘要： Human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hold promise as novel therapeutic tools for diabetes treatment because of their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into beta (β)-cells. Small and large molecules play important roles in each stage of β-cell differentiation from both hESCs and hiPSCs. The small and large molecules that are described in this review have significantly advanced efforts to cure diabetic disease. Lately, effective protocols have been implemented to induce hESCs and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into functional β-cells. Several small molecules, proteins, and growth factors promote pancreatic differentiation from hESCs and hMSCs. These small molecules (e.g., cyclopamine, wortmannin, retinoic acid, and sodium butyrate) and large molecules (e.g. activin A, betacellulin, bone morphogentic protein (BMP4), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), noggin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), and WNT3A) are thought to contribute from the initial stages of definitive endoderm formation to the final stages of maturation of functional endocrine cells. We discuss the importance of such small and large molecules in uniquely optimized protocols of β-cell differentiation from stem cells. A global understanding of various small and large molecules and their functions will help to establish an efficient protocol for β-cell differentiation.
其他題名： Int J Mol Sci
出版者： Switzerland: MDPI
出版日期： 2014-12-17
出處： International journal of molecular sciences, 2014-12, Vol.15 (12), p.23418-23447
資源來源： Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest)
版權： 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 2014
識別號： ISSN: 1422-0067
識別號： ISSN: 1661-6596
識別號： EISSN: 1422-0067
識別號： DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223418
識別號： PMID: 25526563 |
