Optical and radio signatures of negative gigantic jets: Cases from Typhoon Lionrock (2010)

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Title:	Optical and radio signatures of negative gigantic jets: Cases from Typhoon Lionrock (2010)
Authors:	郭政靈;Huang, Sung-Ming;Hsu, Rue-Rou;Lee, Li-Jou;Su, Han-Tzong;Kuo, Cheng-Ling;Wu, Chun-Chieh;Chou, Jung-Kuang;Chang, Shu-Chun;Wu, Yen-Jung;Chen, Alfred B.
Contributors:	地球科學學院太空科學與工程學系
Keywords:	Atmospheric sciences;cloud-to-ionosphere discharges;Earth sciences;Earth, ocean, space;Exact sciences and technology;extremely low frequency/very low frequency signal;Ionosphere;Jets;Lightning;morphologies and evolutions of negative gigantic jets;optical images;Typhoons;ultralow frequency signal;Vegetables
Date:	2012-01-01
Issue Date:	2026-04-23 11:05:38 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell;Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract:	摘要： On 31 August 2010, more than 100 transient luminous events were observed to occur over Typhoon Lionrock when it passed at ∼210 km to the southwest of the NCKU site in Taiwan. Among them, 14 negative gigantic jets (GJs) with clear recognizable morphologies and radio frequency signals are analyzed. These GJs are all found to have negative discharge polarity and thus are type I GJs. Morphologically, they are grouped into three forms: tree‐like, carrot‐like, and a new intermediate type called tree‐carrot‐like GJs. The ULF and ELF/VLF band signals of these events contain clear signatures associated with GJ development stages, including the initiating lightning, the leading jet, the fully developed jet, and the trailing jet. Though the radio waveform for each group of GJs always contains a fast descending pulse linked with the surge current upon the GJ‐ionosphere contact, the detailed waveforms actually vary substantially. Cross analysis of the optical and radio frequency signals for these GJs indicates that a large surge current moment (CM) (>60 kA‐km) appears to be essentially associated with the tree‐like GJs. In contrast, the carrot‐like and the tree‐carrot‐like GJs are both related to a surge CM less than 36 kA‐km, and a continuing CM less than 27 kA‐km further separates the carrot‐like GJs from the tree‐carrot‐like GJs. Furthermore, on the peak CM versus charge moment change diagram for the initiating lightning, different groups of GJs seem to exhibit different trends. This feature suggests that the eventual forms of negative GJs may have been determined at the initiating lightning stage. 其他題名： J. Geophys. Res 出版者： Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 出版日期： 2012-08 出處： Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2012-08, Vol.117 (A8), p.n/a 資源來源： Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals 版權： 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 版權： 2015 INIST-CNRS 版權： Copyright American Geophysical Union 2012 識別號： ISSN: 0148-0227 識別號： ISSN: 2169-9380 識別號： ISSN: 2156-2202 識別號： EISSN: 2156-2202 識別號： EISSN: 2169-9402 識別號： DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017600
Appears in Collections:	[DEPARTMENT OF SPACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING] journal & Dissertation

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