摘要： The effects of impurity on the non-equilibrium phase transition in Vibrio alginolyticus bacterial carpets are investigated through a position-sensitive-diode implemented optical tweezers-microsphere assay. The collective flow increases abruptly as we increase the rotation rate of flagella via Na+ concentration. The effects of impurities on the transition behavior are examined by mixing cells of a wild type strain (VIO5) with cells of a mutant strain (NMB136) in different swimming patterns. For dilute impurities, the transition point is shifted toward higher Na+ concentration. Increasing the impurities' ratio to over 0.25 leads to a significant drop in the collective force, suggesting a partial orientational order with a smaller correlation length. 出版者： Melville: AIP Publishing 出版日期： 2016-05-02 出處： Applied Physics Letters, 2016-05, Vol.108 (18) 資源來源： AIP Journals (American Institute of Physics) 版權： Author(s) 版權： 2016 Author(s). Published by AIP Publishing. 識別號： ISSN: 0003-6951 識別號： EISSN: 1077-3118 識別號： DOI: 10.1063/1.4948766 識別號： CODEN: APPLAB
