Evolution of the surface deformation profile and subsurface distortion zone during reverse faulting through overburden sand

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Title:	Evolution of the surface deformation profile and subsurface distortion zone during reverse faulting through overburden sand
Authors:	黃文正;Chang, Y.Y.;Lee, C.J.;Huang, W.C.;Hung, W.Y.;Huang, W.J.;Lin, M.L.;Chen, Y.H.
Contributors:	地球科學學院應用地質研究所
Keywords:	Affected width;deformation;Distinct element method;engineering;Gompertz sigmoid function;mathematical models;Reverse faulting;sand;Subsurface distortion zone;Surface deformation profile
Date:	2015-01-04
Issue Date:	2026-04-23 14:57:55 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	Elsevier;Elsevier B.V
Abstract:	摘要： The 2D distinct element method was used to investigate the propagation of fault rupture traces through overlying sand during reverse faulting along a range of dip angles and at different vertical throws. Calibrated micromechanical material parameters were used in the numerical simulations, which were validated through a comparison of the simulation results with those obtained from a centrifuge experiment involving acceleration at 80g. The Gompertz sigmoid function with three parameters provided the best fit to the normalized surface deformation profiles obtained both from the numerical simulation and from centrifuge experiments. The three parameters that characterized the Gompertz sigmoid function were the normalized scarp height, the maximum slope on the scarp, and the location of the reverse fault outcropping. A surface deformation profile slope of 1/150 was used as the setback criterion. The normalized affected width and fault outcrop relative to the fault tip were determined for reverse faults having a variety of dips and throws. The dip angle significantly affected the kinematic mechanism underlying reverse faulting. At a given vertical throw, the scarp height increased as the dip angle decreased in the cases of α<45°, and the scarp maintained a relatively constant height in the cases of α>45°. As the dip angle decreased, the location of the fault outcropping shifted toward the footwall and the maximum slope on the scarp increased. The horizontal displacement played a significant role at low dip thrusts (α=22.5°, 30°, 37.5°), a back-thrust fault developed, and an inverted triangle wedge formed in the subsurface. •The paper presents the propagation of reverse fault rupture traces through overlying sand.•The results of numerical simulation are validated with those derived from centrifuge modeling.•A Gompertz sigmoid function is used to characterize the surface deformation profile.•The affected width and the location of fault outcrop are determined for reverse faulting. 出版者： Elsevier B.V 出版日期： 2015-01-14 出處： Engineering Geology, 2015-01, Vol.184, p.52-70 資源來源： ScienceDirect (Elsevier) Journals 版權： 2014 Elsevier B.V. 識別號： ISSN: 0013-7952 識別號： EISSN: 1872-6917 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.023
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Applied Geology] journal & Dissertation

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