簡介：Complex systems share the common properties of having a large number of degrees of freedom in which cooperative effects play a vital role. These systems are often strongly interacting and nonlinear. Complex Systems often exhibit unusual and rich physically interesting phenomena and are often very useful in industrial application in modern material science and technologies. The large number of degrees of freedom in these complex systems is often not tractable by conventional analytical methods and hence computer simulations turn out to be an indispensable research tool.