生物廢水處理系統主要是藉由不同的微生物進行污染物的分解以達到淨 化水質的效果，因此微生物菌群結構與系統處理效果具有相關性。然而，由於 傳統菌種分離培養及顯微鏡觀察等方法缺乏效率且易產生誤差，因此無法確切 顯示出菌群結構與處理效率之關係以作為系統操控之依據。近年來分子生物學 的發展，許多分子生物技術均可應用於菌群結構之分析，故本研究將評估，以 16S rDNA為分析基礎，利用聚合酉每 連鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction；PCR) 與變性梯度凝膠電泳法 (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis；DGGE)等分子生 物技術的結合，分析單槽連續進流回分式活性污泥系統中污泥菌群結構變化之 可行性，此外，配合水質及監測數據的分析，以瞭解菌群結構變化對系統去除 效率及監測數據之影響性。由實驗結果顯示，PCR-DGGE技術確實可以靈敏地 追蹤單槽活性污泥系統中主要菌群變化狀況。當主要菌群菌群結構變化迅速 時，處理效率亦明顯受到影響，每個操作循環的氧化還原電位(ORP)監測曲線 差異性也隨之增大；當菌群結構朝向穩定狀態時，優勢菌群的代謝作用成為系 統最主要的分解機制，故去除率不再有明顯的波動，ORP 監測曲線變化趨勢也 呈現一致的狀態。 In biological wastewater treatment processes, the structure of microbial community is one of the important factors which will affect operational performance of the processes. The structure, however, is very difficult to examine and monitor with traditional microbiological techniques, such as microscopy and cultivation. Recently, the microbial community examining techniques, based on PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the amplicons, has become a useful technique for study of the microbial community structure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is: (1) to find out the suitability of applying the PCR-DGGE technique to examine the microbial community structure of a single-tank continuous inflow SBR; (2) to find out the relationship between the microbial community structure and the removal efficiency; and (3) to find out the relationship between the microbial community structure and the pattern of ORP profile. The results have shown that the rapid shift of populations was observed in the period of the start-up stage, and succession toward a more stable community structure along with cultivation time. As a relatively stable assemblage of populations is achieved, the removal efficiency and the pattern of ORP profile are almost constant. In conclusion, the PCR-DGGE technique is a feasible technology for study of the dynamic variability of microbial community structure in the continuous-flow SBR system.
