| 摘要: | 我國工業化學品管理是以化學品運作或化學品特性分屬各權責主管機關，既有及新化學品種類繁多、應用層面廣泛、進出口量大，為避免製程中未被列管之高風險的工業化學品造成對人員或環境的危害，工業化學品整合性管理架構與作法，健全國內工業化學品管理制度，確實有其必要性。 本研究彙整國際化學品管理策略方針、歐盟新化學品政策、全球化學品調和制度、作業場所安全使用化學品公約、國際間主要化學品管理機構、責任照顧制度等國際化學品管理趨勢，及美國、日本、德國、紐西蘭、澳洲等先進國家化學品管理制度，與國內工業化學品管理法令、化學品登記與資料庫建立、化學品風險評估管理、作業場所安全使用化學品之規定，以及化學品管理組織進行差異比較，研擬工業化學品應有之整合管理架構；並以全球最大之化學品公司在國內之工業化學品製造廠作為個案探討，藉由其符合國際化學品管理趨勢的特性和整合性管理制度與作法，供工業化學品業者參考。 本研究設計之工業化學品整合管理架構，主要管理機制為化學品登記及資料庫建置、風險評估與管理機制、管理法令整合、自主性管理制度、危害分析實驗機構與成立專責管理機構等，並提出工業化學品整合管理制度作法、實施建議、效益與限制之討論。 Currently in Taiwan, industrial chemicals are regulated by different government authorities according to their applications and properties. However, effective chemical substances management is highly challenging due to large quantities of existing and new chemicals, wide scope of chemical use, and complexities for regulating the import and export of chemical substances. This study attempts to develop an integrated management scheme and approach to achieve effective management of industrial chemicals to prevent harms to the general public and the environment in the life cycle of high-risk industrial chemicals. Basis for this study are international chemical management systems or directives such as SAICM (Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management), REACH（Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances）, GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals), ILO Convention, IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD), RC (Responsible Care), and regulations on chemical substances of developed countries such as America, Japan, Germany, New Zealand, and Australia. The proposed integrated management scheme of industrial chemicals is designed after careful comparision of national industrial chemicals management regulations, chemicals registration and database requirements, chemical risk assessment management, workplace safety rules on the use of chemical substances and competent authorities for chemical management in Taiwan. A case study, using the chemical substances management practices of a world class chemical company, is conducted to outline the basic principles of the proposed management system. It is expected to provide the experience of the established integrated industrial chemicals management system and approach to industrial chemicals enterprises by its characteristics of the international chemical management tendency compliance. It is believed that objectives of integrated industrial chemicals management can be achieved through registration and a chemical substances database, risk assessment and management, regulations, implementation of chemicals self-management system, establishment of chemical hazard analysis labs and a centralized chemicals management organization, etc. Implementation strategy, benefits and limitations of the proposed integrated industrial chemicals management system are also presented. |
