| 摘要: | 隨著近代全球化的發展以及多國籍企業的崛起，全球分工模式的建立，全球貿易合作關係也已日趨緊密，國際貿易的運作也已與我們的生活密不可分。然而儘管全球化確實帶來經濟成長，但同時也帶來不公平的倫理問題。在國際組織設立本意的違背、人為手段的不公平，以及多國籍企業的操控，導致整體貿易背景結構性的扭曲之下，全球化在不公平貿易的運作下同時也加劇了貧窮國家人民落入貧窮的陷阱，特別是在貧窮國家賴以維生的農產品貿易上的問題更是嚴重。不公平貿易已嚴重影響其人民基本的生存權利，不僅破壞了公平做為人類合作的基本倫理價值，也影響了全球貿易的穩定發展。然而農產品做為貧窮國家人民生計的主要來源，公平做為規範的重新建構與提出，以解決目前不公平貿易對貧窮國家農民生計造成危害的問題，也就更為迫切與重要。 本文的研究目的，即要透過商業倫理學，針對今日農產品貿易的不公平問題做倫理分析，論證公平在貿易運作中的重要性。本研究期望透過建構出符合真正公平的貿易規範，能夠用以解決不公平的貿易問題，進而建立一個符合倫理的貿易秩序。由於契約為貿易運作的基礎，唯有回到契約上對公平的探究，從公平契約的基礎上才能建立公平貿易；而符合商業倫理要求的也才是真正的公平貿易。唯有公平貿易成為全球貿易運作的基礎，確實提升全球的福祉，貿易才能得以永續發展。 With the recent development of globalization and the multinational enterprises rising sharply, the relationship between countries all over the world has become much closer. The operation of international trade has also been closely linked with our lives, however, while globalization does bring economic growth, but also bring some unfair ethical problems. Under the situation of unfair trade, globalization also increasingly puts the people in the poor countries into the poverty trap. Especially for those who make livings on agricultural trade, the situation is becoming worse and worse. Unfair trade has not only seriously affected poor people’s basic right to live, but undermined the fair as the basic ethical values of human cooperation, and affected the stable development of global trade. For poor countries, agricultural goods are being the major source of livelihood, and fair as the standard re-construction is very important. Thus, the address of this issue that current unfair trade harms the livelihood of farmers in poor countries is urgent and important. The purpose of this paper is to use ethical analysis to observe today's issue of unfairness trade in agricultural products in terms of business ethics, and demonstrate the importance of the operation of fair trade. This study hopes to build a true and fair trade standards compliance which can be used to address unfair trade issues, and establish a consistent ethical trade order. As the contract itself is the foundation of trade, it is the only way to build fair trade by the research on fair. From a fair contract can be established on the basis of fair trade, and also meet the requirements of business ethics is the real fair trade. Furthermore, only the fair trade to be the basic of global trade operation, indeed enhance global welfare, and the global trade can be sustainable development. |
