| 摘要: | 核能發電是目前世界各國競相發展的能源，其起因有三點：首先是人類對石油過度消耗且將殆盡，形成一股全球能源危機而產生對能源需求的恐慌；其次，人類過度的經濟發展，因而產生大量的二氧化碳造成全球暖化的現象，為解決此暖化問題，勢必使用潔淨能源來挽救地球；最後，則是替代能源或再生能源的發展與技術尚未成熟，無法成為主要的能源。因此，核能發電不會產生二氧化碳與提供高效率能源等優點，已逐漸成為未來的能源主流。然而，核能發電可能發生的意外事故與核廢料處理等問題，將對台灣生態環境之永續的影響造成非常大的衝擊，國內環保團體與一般民眾實無法接受這種高危險性的能源。 我們知道政府過去為增進台灣經濟發展而推動十大建設，其中之一就是興建核能發電廠(目前已有核一、核二、核三及興建中的核四廠)，這些重大的能源公共工程，其目的是為了降低能源的成本、提高自有能源的比率、提升供電的品質、促進產業發展及增進社會福祉。經由這些經濟的建設，台灣已經實現經濟起飛的目標，但是我們卻生活在核能安全不確定的陰影下，台灣的核電廠可否確保不會發生意外事故嗎？絕對不會發生輻射外洩嗎？最重要是千年之毒––核廢料能夠妥善處理嗎？因為台灣面積僅3.6萬平方公里，若發生意外事故或核廢料處理不慎，則會陷入萬劫不復之地。在政治因素、環境因素與社會大眾的種種疑慮情況之下，本研究將以環境關懷的倫理視野探討核能發電對台灣生態環境永續的影響，主要係對弱勢族群、自然環境、生態社群、環保政策，以及替代能源或再生能源等面相，以環境正義、環境倫理、生態經濟的倫理關懷角度進行探討，期對能源政策方向形成具有關鍵的影響力。反之，若政府輕忽環境倫理關懷的重要，則所有能源政策將以經濟發展的利益為依歸，最後，人類就是生態群體中唯一獲利的特定社群，而不斷破壞自然環境所造成不合理的風險承擔，則由弱勢族群及其他生態社群來接受，此舉將破壞環境的公平性與正義性，甚至危害自然環境的運作法則。 The nuclear power is the present various countries competition development energy, Its cause has three points: First is the humanity to the petroleum consumes excessively, and to become a whole world energy crisis and need panic; Next, humanity's excessive economic development, thus produces the massive carbon dioxide to create the global warming the phenomenon, to solve this warming problem, will use the clean energy to save the Earth inevitably; Finally, is the alternative energy or the renewable energy sources development and the technology is not yet mature, is unable into the main energy. Therefore, the nuclear power cannot produce the carbon dioxide merits and so on high efficiency energy, has become future energy main stream gradually. However, the nuclear power in addition to occurs problems and accident, have nuclear waste processing which will be to influence Taiwan ecological environment and will have large impact, the domestic environmental groups and the populace are unacceptable this high-risk dangerous energy. We knew that the government promoted the Taiwan economic development of constructions in the past. One of them was constructed the nuclear power plant (At Present, the nuclear power plant 1, 2, 3 were already built up and the nucleus 4 is under construction). The purposes of these significant energy public engineering are to reduce the cost of energy, to enhance my own energy the ratio, to promote power supply quality, to promote industrial development and to promote the social welfare. Through these economy constructions, Taiwan already achieved the goal in economic development, but we live in an uncertain shadow under nuclear power security. Does Taiwan's nuclear power plant guarantee that will not have the accident? Will not have outside the radiation to release? Most important thing is that can we properly handle the poison of nuclear waste? This research is made with the environment ethics' field of vision discussion nuclear power and the influences that about Taiwan ecological environmental sustainability. Also this study will mainly aim to the minority, the natural environment, the ecology community, the environmental protection policy, as well as the alternative energy or the renewable energy sources etc. By the environment justice, environment ethics, the ecology economy's ethics concern angle to discuss, and to influence energy policy direction. Therefore, the humans were seeking profit for self, must not to harms operation principle of the natural environment. |
