本文探討全民健康保險推行與台灣老人居住安排兩者之影響。另外，台灣目前面臨少子化及高學歷兩種變化，因此本研究也試圖從生育率降低及教育程度提高兩方面對台灣老人居住安排選擇之影響加以探討。本文使用行政院衛生署國民健康局之「中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查系列」共五個年度的調查資料；並將老人的居住安排區分為「廣義獨居」、「與孩子同住」及「與其他人同住」三類，以Mixed logit model與Difference in Difference in Difference方法進行研究分析。 本文實證結果顯示，全民健保政策對老人選擇廣義獨居具有影響力，即老人醫療保障愈高，其將更可能獨自居住。在個人屬性中，已婚老人會降低與其他人同住的機率；另外，居住在中部或南部地區的老人會減少與孩子同住的機率。家戶結構方面，孩子個數愈多與長子教育程度愈高會增加老人與孩子同住的機率。財務方面，老人擁有房屋所有權會增加廣義獨居的機率；若主要收入來源為孩子扶助則會增加與其他人同住的機會。少子高學歷方面，透過模擬預測值本文發現少子高學歷化會提高老人獨居以及包括機構式照護等方式生活的機率。顯示在少子化及高學歷趨勢下，台灣老人獨居與機構式照護情形將更形普遍，因此與這些居住安排有關的政策都應受到更多的關注。This paper discusses the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan between the effect of elderly living arrangements. In addition, Taiwan's current low birthrate and high education of two changes, this paper also tried to lower fertility and higher levels of education both in terms of living arrangements for elderly people in Taiwan to investigate the effect of selection. This paper is based on the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan, and living arrangements of elderly divided into the living alone or with spouse, living with zh-twldren and living with others. We applied Mixed Logit Model with Difference in Difference in Difference method of analysis. The empirical results show that NHI has significant effect on the living alone or with spouse. That is, higher medical subsides for the elderly, the more likely to live alone. Married elderly will reduce the probability of living with others. Living in central or southern regions of the elderly will reduce the probability of living with the zh-twldren. Household structure, number of zh-twldren and the eldest son of the more higher education level increases the probability of living with zh-twldren. Financially, housing owned by parent will increase the probability of living alone or with spouse. If the main income source from zh-twldren support will increase the probability of living with others. Low birthrate and high education, through the simulation of predictive value is found that high degree of low birthrate and high education will increase the probability of living alone, including institutional care. Appear in the trend of low birthrate and highly educated, the elderly living alone in Taiwan and institutional care will become more widespread, living arrangements with these policies should receive more attention.
