台灣西北部苗栗縣鐵砧山氣田之油氣移棲研究 ; Hydrocarbon Migration of the Tiehchenshan Gas Field, Miaoli, Northwestern Taiwan

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题名:	台灣西北部苗栗縣鐵砧山氣田之油氣移棲研究;Hydrocarbon Migration of the Tiehchenshan Gas Field, Miaoli, Northwestern Taiwan
作者:	吳明賢;Ming-shyan Wu
贡献者:	地球物理研究所
关键词:	氣油比;油氣移棲;鐵砧山氣田;錦水－永和山氣田;the Tiehchenshan;gas-oil ratio (GOR);hydrocarbon migration
日期:	2010-07-07
上传时间:	2010-12-09 10:51:31 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本研究係應用井下地質、震測、以及氣油比資料，探討鐵砧山氣田之油氣來源與移棲路徑，以解釋為何1.77Ma之後形成的鐵砧山構造卻可封儲300多億立方公尺油氣之原因，進而提出繼續探勘之展望。本研究依據縱貫臺灣南北向之井下地質資料的持平圖，討論臺西盆地的形成與發育依不同時期地層等厚度圖，討論各時期地層沉積中心之變化與生油中心之關係。繪製苗栗縣鐵砧山氣田淺部地層頂部地下構造圖，探討地下構造形貌與構造形成時間。同時檢討銅鑼向斜是否有斷層存在？由油氣田鑽探試油氣時之初期氣油比與生產時油氣之氣油比分佈推研油氣移棲的方向。最後由油氣移棲的方向，配合區域地質與地球化學油岩對比，以及木山層至打鹿層之岩性包括孔隙率、滲透率、以及毛細壓力，探討與油氣進入地層之關係。解釋為何鐵砧山構造於打鹿砂岩段可以儲聚大量油氣之原因。苗栗縣鐵砧山氣田東側以銅鑼斷層為界，斷層兩側之構造形貌截然不同。顯示銅鑼斷層是蓬萊運動發生前既已存在，有機會封阻下部中新世木山層於上新世之前生成與移棲而來油氣。蓬萊運動發生後油氣分別由銅鑼向斜及由銅鑼向斜向北延伸處的斷層上盤向兩側之構造高區移棲。鐵砧山氣田與永和山氣田氣油比空間上的分佈呈現往某一方向增加之趨勢，證實這項的觀點。生油岩評估與油岩對比、斷層與油氣移聚、儲集岩之孔隙率、滲透率、毛細壓力與油氣進入相關的綜合研究認為，鐵砧山氣田構造形成雖晚於1.77Ma，但鐵砧山氣田東側之銅鑼斷層復活前可能已封阻300億立方公尺天然氣，當斷層再次復活時，遂可快速進行大量油氣的移棲。孔隙率與滲透率的好壞則決定油氣是否進入岩層中的關鍵因素；因此，油氣難以進入五指山層至北寮層的岩層。而打鹿砂岩段之儲集層相當發達，很容易移棲油氣到各段砂的構造高區。因此，未來探勘宜加強鐵砧山構造東面鄰近地區，以及銅鑼向斜及其向北延伸處兩側發現新油氣田之機率較大。A model has been established to examine the hydrocarbon kitchen and migration routes of the Tiehchenshan gas field (TCS), which illustrates why an anomalous quantity of hydrocarbon was accumulated in TCS, even though the structure was formed quite late. During the late Oligocene to the Pliocene’s Chinshui stage, the Taishi basin accumulated sedimentary deposits over 4500 m with the center kept at the Hinchu-Miaoli area. The Mushan formation could be an oil-bearing layer, which generated large amounts of hydrocarbon migrating along the up-dip direction to the main reservoir. The new tectonic movement reloaded the depocenter to the southeast of Taichung-Changhwa area, which changed the hydrocarbon trap in the pre-loaded structures, but without much influence on the pattern of hydrocarbon kitchen. The GOR values have been used to investigate the direction of hydrocarbon migration. A trend of GOR variations with time was derived from the long-term GOR distribution by a least square fitting approach. The residual GOR values deduced after removing the trend can be used as an indicator of hydrocarbon migration. The distribution maps of initial GOR and residual GOR reveal migration patterns of the TCS and the Chinshui-Yunghoshan (CS-YHS) gas fields. These two gas fields possess a single production layer with regular trends of GOR distribution. Sandstone beds of the middle Miocene Talu Shale are the main gas reservoirs. The regular spatial GOR distribution pointed out that the direction of lateral hydrocarbon migration is from east to west for TCS and NW to SE for YHS, respectively. During the Chinshui stage, much hydrocarbon might have been accumulated in the foothill of Hinchiu-Miaoli area. The hydrocarbon is inferred to migrate to the position of the present Tunglo syncline and its northern extension before thrusting-and-folding occurred in this region. When the new tectonic movement starts, the fault system was reactivated and formed migration paths, a great deal of hydrocarbon migrated into the TCS structure. The porosity and permeability of formations of Peiliao, Chuhuangkeng, Piling, Mushan and Wuchihshan are low, which interrupt the migration of hydrocarbon into these layers. Instead, the sandstone beds of Talu Shale have high porosity and permeability values, thus become the gas reservoir of the TCS gas field. This model strongly suggests that good opportunity of new gas fields may exist to the east of TCS, which is worth further exploration.
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