| 摘要: | 本研究使用內政部「九十二年外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查」資料，依據改良的勞動力運用架構（labor utilization framework），重新定義適當運用與不適當運用，比較女性東南亞與大陸配偶的勞動力運用狀況。本研究發現（一）女性東南亞與大陸配偶比台灣有偶婦女勞動力運用程度差，而大陸配偶又比東南亞配偶的勞動力運用差。（二）有利於東南亞與大陸配偶勞動力運用之因素：在台身分、教育程度、子女6-11歲、結婚年數、結婚同居。（三）不利於東南亞與大陸配偶勞動力運用之因素：小家庭、子女0-2歲、配偶健康、親友介紹、初次婚姻。（四）兩者影響因素之比較：大家庭是有利於東南亞配偶勞動力運用之因素，但對大陸配偶是不利的因素；子女數不利於東南亞配偶勞動力運用之因素，但對大陸配偶是有利的因素。 從巨觀層面呈現新移民在台灣社會的就業問題，探討在低度運用背後之可能歧視問題，並提出相關之政策建議：（一）加強對雇主宣導東南亞與大陸配偶就業法令，以消除雇主的疑慮。（二）加強勞動條件檢查以杜絕對外籍配偶之薪資歧視。（三）提供外籍配偶學齡前子女托育服務以增加其外出就業的可能性。（四）加強對新移民家庭性別平等教育以提升新移民自我價值與獨立人格。（五）加強對離婚、分居、配偶死亡之外籍配偶就業輔導，以促進其就業。This research used the data of “2003 Foreign and Mainland China Spouses Life Situations Survey” from Ministry of Interior, based on the revised Labor Utilization Framework, recalculated the appropriate and inappropriate utilization of labor force of Southeast Asian and Mainland China female spouses, and compared the differences between them. This research found out (1) Taiwanese female labor force were better than Southeast Asian and Mainland China female spouses, and Mainland China female spouses labor force were worse than Southeast Asian female spouses. (2) The identity in Taiwan, education, having 6-11years old children, matrimonial age, and common-law marriage are helpful for Southeast Asian and Mainland China female spouses labor force. (3) Nuclear family, having 0-2 years old children, healthy husband, introduction from relatives and friends, and the first marriage are helpless to Southeast Asian and Mainland China female spouses labor force. (4) The differences of effects between them are extended family and numbers of children. The former is helpful for Southeast Asian spouses labor force, but helpless to Mainland China female spouses. The later is helpless to Southeast Asian spouses labor force, but helpful for Mainland China female spouses. From macro-level analyses, I presented the employment problems of these new immigrants in Taiwan, and discussed the possible discriminations behind their low-level labor utilization. There are six ways to improve the policies to these new immigrants: (1) To enhance the guidance to employers about the employment policies of Southeast Asian and Mainland China spouses. (2) To enhance the labor inspection to eliminate discrimination of wages. (3) To provide the child care service for preschool children to promote foreign spouses to work. (4) To enhance new immigrants family the gender equality education to promote foreign spouses self-esteem and personality of independence. (5) To enhance the employment guidance and assistance toward divorce, separate, widow foreign spouses. |
