本文探討愛滋病患者資訊公開的道德性問題，主要針對愛滋病患者的個人隱私及社會大眾間的公共衛生健康問題進行分析，以有限度公開的方式保障患者個人隱私的權利，維護公眾的安全為考量，而達到防治的最終目標。在社會大眾歧視的不公平待遇之下，愛滋病患者的隱私，關係到家庭幸福、就學、就業、就醫、居住、保險等等權利。然而，專家學者擬定愛滋病防治條例時，以強制的方式要求感染者告知接觸者的身分。這樣的社會政策是否合乎倫理？如何在兼顧社會大眾與愛滋病患者的權益下達成防治的目的？本文嘗試從公共衛生倫理、康德的義務論與赫爾的功利主義等觀點進行分析，以不傷害原則證成愛滋病患者的隱私權在公眾的公共衛生安全衝突下必須退讓。 愛滋病患者資訊公開的目的，不僅在於防治，更重要的是要讓社會大眾能充分理解、接納愛滋病，進而保障患者的的權益。由於愛滋病的治療方式不斷的進步，使得愛滋病有慢性病化的趨勢。因此，為了讓患者能夠重新回歸社會，本文建議在有限度公開的倫理前提下，以個案管理以及社區照護的方式，冀求創造愛滋防治最大的成效。 It’s a thesis on the moral questions of disclosure about HIV-infected individuals’ information. It is an analysis of the controversy between HIV-infected individuals’ privacy and public health. By the way of limited disclosure, we could achieve a balance between the of protecting HIV-infected persons’ privacy and public security and it seems to be a more efficient way for AIDS prevention. Under social discrimination, the privacy of HIV-infected persons is vital to one’s family happiness and the rights to education, to medical service, to housing, and to insurance. However, AIDS Prevention and Control Act imposes the requirement that the AIDS patient must identify the one he or she had contacted. Is such social policy an ethical one? How can we accomplish the prevention mission with good care of the benefits of both the HIV-infected persons’ privacy and public health? This thesis tries to analyze this dilemma from the points of view of public health ethics, Kant’s Deontology, and R. M. Hare’s utilitarianism. In general, the principle of nonmaleficence could justify the overriding of the HIV-infected individual’s privacy in view of public safety. The goal of disclosure of HIV-infected individuals’ information is not only for AIDS prevention, but also educative to society on AIDS and how to accept the infected, and furthermore, to protect the right of the AIDS patient. Due to the improvement and new effective treatments, AIDS is almost considered as a kind of chronic disease. Therefore, to make sure that the AIDS patients could return to their normal lives, we suggest that the infected should be handled by case management and communal health care with limited disclosure, and hope it will be maximally effect for AIDS prevention.
